#Pfizer DOCS AEs of special interest post vax
#Pfizer DOCS
A few months ago I started going through the Adverse events of special interest. The reasons were two fold, I saw NO INFORMATION published about this important release of information I also wanted to understand what potential complications Pfizer foresaw and then silenced itself on, reading through the release as it was written it was nearly impossible to get a feeling for the potential outcomes.
Original document as below, “AE’s of special interest” are listed at very end of this document.
I am not any sort of specialist, but I do enjoy analysing information and looking for patterns, this is the first time I have used a substack so please excuse if I’ve missed anything and please let me know if you find any errors, things that need correcting. All of the summaries included are searched on the computer and not my words, I have not linked the sources as it would be too time consuming, however the sources can easily be found by searching them.
From my understanding, and I may be incorrect on this as nothing has been very clear lately, this is a list THAT WAS meant to openly BE shown to all practitioners AND practitioners IN TURN were meant to report IF any of these issues occurred post vax.
If these issues were things that were foreseen AS POSSIBILITIES POST VACCINATION with this product? that should in itself be alarming.
The list LONG!!!! BUT it is not a full medical encyclopedia, if THIS IS THE AEs that Pfizer was aware MAY occur post Vx. there are definite similarities throughout the Aes, Inflammatory, Congenital, Clotting, Organ damage, Autoimmune and demyelinating- condition that causes damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers in your brain, the nerves leading to the optic nerves and spinal cord.
There is actually fairly common threads throughout the Adverse events and cemented my understanding of what we gloabally may be up against right here right now... get ready!**
1p36 deletion syndrome; is a congenital genetic disorder characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, delayed growth, hypotonia, seizures, limited speech ability, malformations, hearing and vision impairment, and distinct facial features
.2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria; 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a condition that causes progressive damage to the brain
5'nucleotidase increased; The 5’-nucleotidase activity is increased in obstructive jaundice, parenchymal liver disease, and hepatic metastases.
Acoustic neuritis; Auditory neuritis was described by Wintermute1 in 1915 as a disease coming on suddenly which produces tinnitus and deafness when the cochlear branch is affected, vertigo, disturbances of equilibrium, spontaneous nystagmus and vomiting.
***An acquired disease is one that began at some point during one's lifetime, as opposed to disease that was already present at birth, which is congenital disease***
Acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency; Acquired angioedema due to deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor, also called acquired angioedema, is a rare syndrome of recurrent episodes of angioedema, without urticaria.
Acquired epidermolysis bullosa; Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is an acquired, autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease.
Acquired epileptic aphasia; Acquired epileptic aphasia typically develops in healthy children who acutely or progressively lose receptive and expressive language ability coincident with the appearance of paroxysmal electroencephalographic (EEG) changes.
Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus; Acute cutaneous lupus is a type of lupus, an autoimmune disease. Lupus causes widespread inflammation in your body. If you have ACLE, the inflammation affects your skin.
****LUPUS is just one of numerous Auto immune disorders listed in this document, LUPUS is mentioned multiple times and seems one of the biggest concerns here****
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; a neurological, immune-mediated disorder in which widespread inflammation of the brain and spinal cord damages tissue known as white matter.
Acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures; represents a peculiar form of encephalitis mainly affecting children. They usually present abruptly with seizure or impaired consciousness as well as high-grade fever following antecedent infection.
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis; Sweet's syndrome, also called acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is an uncommon skin condition. It causes fever and a painful skin rash that appears mostly on the arms, face and neck
Acute flaccid myelitis; a serious condition of the spinal cord. Symptoms include rapid onset of arm or leg weakness and decreased reflexes. Difficulty moving the eyes, speaking, or swallowing may also occur. Occasionally, numbness or pain may be present.
Acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis; also known as Hurst disease or Weston Hurst syndrome, is a very rare form of demyelinating disease. It is characterized by a brief but intense attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord that damages the myelin (the protective covering of the nerve fibers).
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis; a rare type of cutaneous small vessel vasculitis with a characteristic presentation in infants It consists of a clinical triad of:
*Large bruise-like lesions (purpura)
*Swelling (oedema)
*Fever
The cause of acute haemorrhagic oedema is unknown. It is an immune-mediated process, possibly an immune complex disorder
Acute kidney injury; also known as acute renal failure, is a sudden episode of kidney failure or kidney damage that happens within a few hours or a few days.
Acute macular outer retinopathy; a rare retinal condition that features the sudden onset of bilateral central scotomata, which may be preceded by a viral prodrome in some patients.
Acute motor axonal neuropathy; is a variant type of Guillain-Barre Syndrome. AMAN is a non-inflammatory disease whereby axons of motor nerve cells are selectively targeted and destroyed by the body’s own immune system.
Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy; a rare and severe variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome that has a prolonged recovery course. GBS is often suspected due to ascending muscle weakness, sensation difficulties, respiratory compromise, and antecedent diarrhea.
Acute myocardial infarction; is myocardial necrosis resulting from acute obstruction of a coronary artery. Symptoms include chest discomfort with or without dyspnea, nausea, and diaphoresis.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome; In ARDS, fluid builds up inside the tiny air sacs of the lungs, and surfactant breaks down. Surfactant is a foamy substance that keeps the lungs fully expanded so that a person can breathe.
Acute respiratory failure; happens quickly and without much warning. It is often caused by a disease or injury that affects your breathing, such as pneumonia, opioid overdose, stroke, or a lung or spinal cord injury.
Addison's disease; also called adrenal insufficiency, is an uncommon disorder that occurs when your body doesn't produce enough certain hormones. The adrenal glands, located just above your kidneys, produce too little cortisol and, often, too little aldosterone
Administration site thrombosis;
Administration site vasculitis;
SELF EXPLANATORY, no write ups..
Adverse event following immunisation; NOTABLY THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEATH REPORTED FOR ALL THESE VXs IN THE DAENs TGA DATA REPORTING SYSTEM!
Adrenal thrombosis; Adrenal vein thrombosis refers to the occlusion of the main central adrenal vein with or without extension to the capsular veins, resulting in hemorrhage and coagulative necrosis of the adrenal glands.
Ageusia; the loss of taste functions of the tongue, particularly the inability to detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami.
Agranulocytosis; happens when your body doesn’t make enough white blood cells. White blood cells fight germs that make us sick.
Air embolism; also called a gas embolism, occurs when one or more air bubbles enter a vein or artery and block it. When an air bubble enters a vein, it’s called a venous air embolism. When an air bubble enters an artery, it’s called an arterial air embolism.
Alanine aminotransferase abnormal; Higher-than-normal levels of ALT can indicate liver damage.
Alanine aminotransferase increased; ALT is most commonly increased in response to liver disease or liver damage.
Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis; a group of immune-mediated pulmonary diseases that complicates asthma and cystic fibrosis and is caused by colonization of the respiratory tract by various fungi.
Allergic oedema; Edema is a part of most allergic reactions. In response to the allergen, nearby blood vessels leak fluid into the affected area
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Alopecia areata; The term alopecia means hair loss. In alopecia areata, one or more round bald patches appear suddenly, most often on the scalp. Alopecia areata is also called autoimmune alopecia
Alpers disease; a progressive neurologic disorder that begins during childhood and is complicated in many instances by serious liver disease. Symptoms include increased muscle tone with exaggerated reflexes, seizures, and loss of cognitive ability.
Alveolar proteinosis; also known as pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis, is a diffuse lung disease characterized by the accumulation of amorphous, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive lipoproteinaceous material in the distal air spaces.
Ammonia abnormal; High ammonia levels in the blood can lead to serious health problems, including brain damage, coma, and even death.
Ammonia increased; As above.
Amniotic cavity infection; Chorioamnionitis is an infection of the placenta and the amniotic fluid. It happens more often when the amniotic sac is broken for a long time before birth.
Amygdalohippocampectomy; is a surgical operation to remove a portion of the brain as a treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy. The procedure involves the selective removal of certain portions of the brain’s temporal lobe.
***NAYSAYERS ON THIS LIST HAVE SAID “IT INCLUDES SURGERIES, SO IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH vx” THE POINT IS A PERSON REQUIRING TREATMENT FOR A CONDITION POST vx COULD BE INFERRED AS REQUIRING THE SURGERY “DUE” TO THE vx***
Amyloid arthropathy; Features of amyloid arthropathy are those of an erosive and destructive osteoarthropathy, involving most commonly the hips, shoulders and carpal bones.
Amyloidosis; a rare disease that occurs when an abnormal protein, called amyloid, builds up in your organs and interferes with their normal function.
Amyloidosis senile; Cardiac amyloidosis, a fatal disease whose prognosis and treatment rely on identification of the amyloid type.
Anaphylactic reaction; Anaphylaxis causes the immune system to release a flood of chemicals that can cause you to go into shock
Anaphylactic shock; Anaphylactic shock is a rare but severe allergic reaction that can be deadly if you don't treat it right away.
Angioedema; is a condition in which small blood vessels leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling. There is no known cure, however it may be possible to prevent swellings with medications
Angiopathic neuropathy; functional disturbances and pathologic changes in the peripheral nervous system. Damage to autonomic, motor, and/or sensory nerves due to metabolic or vascular derangements in patients.
Ankylosing spondylitis; is an inflammatory disease that, over time, can cause some of the bones in the spine (vertebrae) to fuse
Anosmia; the loss of the sense of smell.
***THE FOLLOWING ARE TESTS WHICH INDICATE POSITIVE RESULTS AT TESTING***
Antiacetylcholine receptor antibody positive; Normally, no acetylcholine receptor antibody exists in the bloodstream. Diseases with positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies are lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, small cell lung cancer, and Graves disease. Positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies are also seen in patients on immunosuppressive therapy.
Anti-actin antibody positive; are well-described as the major component of smooth muscle autoantibodies (microfilament antibodies). They are found at increased frequency in certain autoimmune diseases and may be of some diagnostic value. They are specially detected in patients with chronic active hepatitis and celiac disease.
Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody positive; Higher anti-AQP4 antibody titres were associated with complete blindness and extensive or large cerebral lesions on MRI. Neuromyelitis optica is characterized by severe optic neuritis and transverse myelitis.
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positive; Positive CCP antibodies and positive RF, it likely means that you have rheumatoid arthritis. Positive CCP antibodies and negative RF, it may mean you are in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis or will develop it in the future.
Anti-erythrocyte antibody positive; A positive result means you have one or more RBC antibodies in your blood that could attack red blood cells in certain types of donor blood. You will likely need more tests to find out exactly what type of RBC antibodies you have.
Anti-exosome complex antibody positive; The patient group positive for anti-PM/Scl antibodies is characterized by an elevated incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis, pulmonary disease, and calcinosis.
Anti-GAD antibody negative; See below
Anti-GAD antibody positive; GAD antibodies have been associated with multiple neurological syndromes, including stiff-person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, and limbic encephalitis.
Anti-ganglioside antibody positive; The brain has traditionally been considered as an immune privileged organ. However, both humoral and cell-mediated immunity can attack different cells and structures to cause autoimmune diseases. These include multiple sclerosis, narcolepsy, optic neuritis, limbic encephalitis, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Immunoinflammatory mechanisms are believed to be involved in various forms of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, as well.
Antigliadin antibody positive; data suggest that AGA positivity might be related to distinct disease entities such as allergy and gluten ataxia.
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody positive; Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies are antibodies against this membrane. They can damage the basement membrane, which can lead to kidney damage.
Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease; SEE ABOVE
Anti-glycyl-tRNA synthetase antibody positive; is occasionally positive in patients with interstitial lung disease.
Anti-HLA antibody test positive; Anti-HLA antibodies are formed by the immune system when you are exposed to proteins that appear similar to tissue types.
Anti-IA2 antibody positive; These antibodies can be used to predict the onset of diabetes mellitus. In the assessment of first degree relatives for autoimmune diabetes, positive results in more than one of the marker antibodies can be associated with the onset of autoimmune diabetes.
Anti-insulin antibody increased; If the test shows a high level of IgE antibody against insulin, your body has developed an allergic response to the insulin.
Anti-insulin receptor antibody increased;
Antiinsulin receptor antibody positive;
Anti-insulin antibody positive; SEE ABOVE
Anti-interferon antibody negative;
Anti-interferon antibody positive; Adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome.
Anti-islet cell antibody positive; Islet autoantibodies are positive in type 1 diabetes and are negative in diabetes cases caused by non-autoimmune problems.
Antimitochondrial antibody positive; A positive AMA means that there are detectable levels of antibodies in the bloodstream. Although a positive AMA test is most often associated with PBC, it can also be positive in autoimmune hepatitis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and graft-versus-host disease.
Anti-muscle specific kinase antibody positive; If you have a positive test result for anti-MuSK antibodies and symptoms of MG, then it is likely that you have autoimmune muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis.
Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies positive;
Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein associated polyneuropathy; The anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy is an antibody-mediated demyelinating neuropathy.
Antimyocardial antibody positive; Having these antibodies can be a sign of swelling of the membrane around your heart (pericarditis).
Anti-neuronal antibody positive; are present in the serum of patients with paraneoplastic disorders affecting the nervous system. These disorders have a very wide range of clinical presentations and often enter the differential diagnosis of complex neurological problems.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody increased; SEE BELOW
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive; If your results were positive, it may mean you have autoimmune vasculitis.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis; -associated vasculitis (AAV) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease presenting with the inflammation of small and medium vessels that results in vascular destruction and tissue necrosis
Anti-NMDA antibody positive; Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a type of brain inflammation caused by antibodies. Early symptoms may include fever, headache, and feeling tired. This is then typically followed by psychosis which presents with false beliefs and hallucinations.
Antinuclear antibody increased; SEE BELOW
Antinuclear antibody positive; The immune system makes an abundance of proteins called antibodies. When an antibody recognizes the foreign proteins of an infectious organism. This cascade of attack is called inflammation.
Antiphospholipid antibodies positive; SEE BELOW
Antiphospholipid syndrome; The typical low-grade symptoms of APS are:
•headaches and migraines
•memory problems
•dizziness and balance difficulties
•cognitive (thought) difficulties
•joint pain
•fatigue
The common acute events caused by APS are:
•deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
•stroke and mini-stroke (TIA - Transient Ischaemic Attack)
•heart attack
•pulmonary embolism (PE) or blood clot on the lung
•recurrent miscarriages
As APS is a blood disorder and blood flows throughout the entire body, nearly any organ can be affected.
Anti-platelet antibody positive; A positive result means that platelet antibodies have been found in your blood. It may mean that your blood may not be able to clot the way it should.
Anti-prothrombin antibody positive; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID antibodies have been associated with a variety of clinical phenomena, including arterial and venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and obstetric complications.
Antiribosomal P antibody positive; Autoantibodies to ribosomal P proteins are detected in 12-16% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and have been found to be associated with some manifestations of the disease, including lupus psychosis and hepatitis.
Anti-RNA polymerase III antibody positive; Anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies are a specific marker for Systemic Sclerosis, associated to severe disease with major organ and diffuse cutaneous involvement.
Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody test positive; Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies are immune proteins that are frequently present in people who have inflammatory bowel disease.
Anti-sperm antibody positive; The antibodies can damage or kill sperm. If a high number of sperm antibodies come into contact with a man's sperm, it may be hard for the sperm to fertilize an egg. This is called immunologic infertility.
Anti-SRP antibody positive; Anti-SRP-antibody-positive myopathy, which usually leads to severe proximal muscle weakness, is also known to involve extramuscular symptoms such as dysphagia, respiratory disorders, and cardiac disorders
.
***BACK INTO THE DISORDERS***
Antisynthetase syndrome; a rare, chronic disorder that can affect multiple systems of the body. The disorder is immune-mediated, which means there is inflammation resulting from abnormal functioning of the immune system and the presence of specific autoantibodies that target a specific protein in the body
.
***BACK INTO THE TESTS***
Anti-thyroid antibody positive; TPO antibodies in your blood suggests that the cause of thyroid disease is an autoimmune disorder, such as Hashimoto's disease or Graves' disease. In autoimmune disorders, your immune system makes antibodies that mistakenly attack normal tissue.
Anti-transglutaminase antibody increased; This enzyme is usually present in patients with Coeliac disease. The antibodies that attack these enzymes are called anti-tissue Transglutaminase antibodies.
Anti-VGCC antibody positive; Voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibodies are generally associated with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. However the presence of this antibody has been associated with paraneoplastic as well as non-paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.
Anti-VGKC antibody positive; can be associated with a range of immunotherapy responsive clinical presentations including limbic encephalitis, Morvan's syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia.
Anti-vimentin antibody positive; can be detected in the serum of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Antiviral prophylaxis; the administration of antiviral agents such as acyclcovir, gancylcovir, and valacyclovir to patients at risk for certain viral infections or reactivation of viral infection.
Antiviral treatment; SEE ABOVE,
Anti-zinc transporter 8 antibody positive; positive in the Identification and Characterization of Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes.
***BACK TO THE DISORDERS***
Aortic embolus; a rare but life-threatening medical condition that can result from aortic saddle embolism, thrombosis of an atherosclerotic aorta, or aortic dissection.
Aortic thrombosis; a rare, often fatal condition that most commonly involves the abdominal aorta.
Aortitis; inflammation of the aorta, which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It is seen in a variety of conditions, including certain forms of vasculitis, other inflammatory conditions, and infections.
Aplasia pure red cell; Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia: This is a very rare condition and usually affects adults. It is characterized by an absence of red cell precursors (reticulocytes) in the marrow and a low red blood cell count.
Aplastic anaemia; Aplastic anaemia is a condition that occurs when your body stops producing enough new blood cells. The condition leaves you fatigued and more prone to infections and uncontrolled bleeding.
***Application site reactions are reactions to medical treatments which occur at the site of application***
Application site thrombosis; A blood clot in a vein.
Application site vasculitis; A disease that causes inflammation of blood vessels. It is an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks the body's own cells, tissues and organs.
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Arrhythmia; An arrhythmia is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slowly, or with an irregular rhythm. Too fast, the condition is called tachycardia. Too slowly, the condition is called bradycardia.
**Arterial bypass; a surgical procedure used to treat coronary heart disease**
Arterial bypass occlusion; Artery occlusion and bypass is a two-part procedure combining open microsurgery and endovascular coiling.
Arterial bypass thrombosis; Thrombosis is a common complication of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The thrombosis is classified as arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis.
Arterial thrombosis; a blood clot in an artery, which can be very serious because it can stop blood reaching important organs.
Arteriovenous fistula thrombosis; A fistula can thrombose either early or late after its creation. Early thrombosis of a fistula is most often due to an inflow problem while late thrombosis tends to be due to an outflow stenosis.
***An arteriovenous graft is a deliberate connection between an artery and vein that is created by interposing graft material between them***
Arteriovenous graft site stenosis; The abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel is called stenosis.
Arteriovenous graft thrombosis; is the formation of a blood clot inside the arteriovenous graft.
Arteritis; refers to inflammation of the arteries that damages the blood vessel walls and reduces blood flow to the organs.
Arteritis coronary; Cardiac vasculitis is recognized as a heterogeneous disease process with a wide spectrum of manifestations including pericarditis, myocarditis, valvular heart disease and less frequently, coronary artery vasculitis.
Arthralgia; Symptoms can include: Back pain Loss of spine flexibility Inflammation of the eyes, lungs and heart valves Swelling and stiffness of the spine and sacroiliac joints.
Arthritis; Arthritis is a chronic condition involving swelling and pain in the joints.
Arthritis enteropathic; Enteropathic arthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs with inflammatory bowel disease.
Ascites; a condition in which fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen. As fluid collects in the abdomen, it can affect your lungs, kidneys, and other organs.
Aspartate aminotransferase abnormal; High levels of AST in the blood may be a sign of hepatitis, cirrhosis, mononucleosis, or other liver diseases. High AST levels may also be a sign of heart problems or pancreatitis.
Aspartate aminotransferase increased; SEE ABOVE
Aspartate aminotransferase abnormal; SEE ABOVE
AST to platelet ratio index increased; The AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) tool has been found to useful as a non-invasive index that correlates with liver biopsy findings of fibrosis and cirrhosis.
AST/ALT ratio abnormal; SEE ABOVE
Asthma; a major noncommunicable disease, affecting both children and adults, and is the most common chronic disease among children. Inflammation and narrowing of the small airways in the lungs cause asthma symptoms.
Asymptomatic COVID19; Self explanatory.
Ataxia; describes poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements. It may cause difficulty with walking and balance, hand coordination, speech and swallowing, and eye movements.
Atheroembolism; Cholesterol embolism or atheroembolism is a phenomenon where cholesterol crystals and atheroma debris such as cholesterol, platelets, and fibrins embolizes from proximal large arteries such as the aorta and its major branches to distal small arteries.
Atonic seizures; means "without tone." So in an atonic seizure, muscles suddenly become limp. Part or all of the body may become limp. The eyelids may droop, the head may nod or drop forward, and the person may drop things. If standing, the person often falls to the ground.
Atrial thrombosis; a blood clot in an artery, which can be very serious because it can stop blood reaching important organs.
Atrophic thyroiditis; an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by thyroid autoantibodies, functional hypothyroidism, and absence of goiter.
Atypical benign partial epilepsy; a complicated form of benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Characterized by an earlier age of onset, multiple seizure types including epileptic negative myoclonic, atonic, and atypical absence seizures, as well as focal motor seizures.
Atypical pneumonia; Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. With atypical pneumonia, the infection is caused by different bacteria than the more common ones that cause pneumonia.
Aura; An aura is a perceptual disturbance experienced by some with epilepsy or migraine. An epileptic aura is a seizure.
Autoantibody positive; ANA may be positive with a variety of autoimmune diseases, including lupus, Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hepatitis.
***FOLLOWING ARE ALL AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: Autoimmune disease happens when the body's natural defense system can't tell the difference between your own cells and foreign cells, causing the body to mistakenly attack normal cells***
Autoimmune anaemia;
Autoimmune aplastic anaemia;
Autoimmune arthritis;
Autoimmune blistering disease;
Autoimmune cholangitis;
Autoimmune colitis;
Autoimmune demyelinating disease;
Autoimmune dermatitis;
Autoimmune disorder;
Autoimmune encephalopathy;
Autoimmune endocrine disorder;
Autoimmune enteropathy;
Autoimmune eye disorder;
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia;
Autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia;
Autoimmune hepatitis;
Autoimmune hyperlipidaemia;
Autoimmune hypothyroidism;
Autoimmune inner ear disease;
Autoimmune lung disease;
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome;
Autoimmune myocarditis;
Autoimmune myositis;
Autoimmune nephritis;
Autoimmune neuropathy;
Autoimmune neutropenia;
Autoimmune pancreatitis;
Autoimmune pancytopenia;
Autoimmune pericarditis;
Autoimmune retinopathy;
Autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis; an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by onset of recurrent flares of autoinflammation in early infancy. Affected individuals tend to have poor overall growth and gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy.
Autoinflammatory disease; refer to problems with the innate immune system's reactions. Immune cells target the body's own healthy tissues , signaling the body to attack them. This can cause episodes of inflammation that result in such symptoms as fever, rash, or joint swelling.
Automatism epileptic; may be defined as a state of clouding of consciousness that occurs during, or immediately after, a seizure and during which the individual retains control of posture and muscle tone and performs simple or complex movements and actions without being aware.
Autonomic nervous system imbalance; Autonomic neuropathy occurs when there is damage to the nerves that control automatic body functions. It can affect blood pressure, temperature control, digestion, bladder function and even sexual function.
Autonomic seizure; A simple focal seizure with autonomic symptoms affects the part of the brain responsible for involuntary functions. These seizures may cause changes in blood pressure, heart rhythm, or bowel or bladder function.
Axial spondyloarthritis; a type of arthritis. It mostly causes pain and swelling in the spine and the joints that connect the bottom of the spine to the pelvis . Other joints can be affected as well. It is a systemic disease, which means it may affect other body parts/organs
Axillary vein thrombosis; Axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis occurs when blood clots form in your upper arm due to compression of certain veins.
Axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy; Axonal neuropathies cause symptoms and signs related to axon loss, while demyelinating neuropathies produce abnormalities based on the lack of appropriate interaction of Schwann cells with axons.
Axonal neuropathy; SEE ABOVE
FINALLY TO THE B’S!!!!!
Bacterascites; an ascitic fluid infection with a positive bacterial culture. Patients with bacterascites present with a degree of liver insufficiency and have a poor prognosis.
Baltic myoclonic epilepsy; photosensitive, occasionally violent, myoclonus, usually worse upon waking; generalised tonic-clonic seizures, sometimes associated with absence attacks
Band sensation; You might feel pins and needles, burning or crawling sensations, numbness or tightness. Altered sensations are fairly common in multiple sclerosis.
Basedow's disease; is a typical disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, a condition in which thyroid hormones are overproduced.
Basilar artery thrombosis; is a devastating form of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Its initial presentation is often extremely nonspecific and may include dizziness or blurring of vision.
Basophilopenia; Abnormally low level of basophils in the blood, It can be caused by infections, severe allergies, or an overactive thyroid gland.
B-cell aplasia; A condition characterized by extremely low B-cell counts.
Behcet's syndrome; a rare disorder that causes blood vessel inflammation throughout your body. The disease can lead to numerous signs and symptoms that can seem unrelated at first. They can include mouth sores, eye inflammation, skin rashes and lesions, and genital sores
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Benign ethnic neutropenia; one of the most common causes of chronic neutropenia seen in individuals of African, Middle Eastern and West Indian descent, affecting many individuals worldwide.
While all white blood cells help your body fight infections, neutrophils are important for fighting certain infections, especially those caused by bacteria.
Benign familial neonatal convulsions; a condition characterized by recurrent seizures in newborn babies. The seizures begin around day 3 of life and usually go away within 1 to 4 months.
Benign familial pemphigus; is a rare skin condition that usually appears in early adulthood. The disorder is characterized by red, raw, and blistered areas of skin that occur most often in skin folds, such as the groin, armpits, neck, and under the breasts.
Benign rolandic epilepsy; characterized by twitching, numbness or tingling of the child's face or tongue, and may interfere with speech and cause drooling. Seizures spread from one area of the brain and become generalized
Beta-2 glycoprotein antibody positive; test may indicate that you have antiphospholipid syndrome, as they are most frequently seen with this condition, a condition in which the immune system mistakenly creates antibodies that attack tissues in the body. These antibodies can cause blood clots to form in arteries and veins.
Bickerstaff's encephalitis; is a rare, autoimmune disease of the peripheral and central nervous system (i.e., brainstem). BBE is considered a variant of other immune-mediated polyneuropathies, such as Guillain Barré syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome.
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Bile output abnormal; SEE BELOW
Bile output decreased; The decrease or cessation of bile formation or flow is known as cholestasis. Cholestasis can result from the impaired canalicular secretion of bile, ductular disease, or obstruction of bile flow through the biliary tree.
Biliary ascites; occurs most often as a postoperative complication of biliary tract operations and also occasionally after trauma. Clinical signs were minimal except for abdominal distention.
Bilirubin conjugated abnormal; common abnormality, usually due to hepatocellular or cholestatic diseases; moreover, it may be observed in systemic illnesses with hepatic involvement.
Bilirubin conjugated increased;
Bilirubin urine present; SEE ABOVE
Biopsy liver abnormal; the biopsy may reveal a number of liver diseases, including cirrhosis, hepatitis, or infections such as tuberculosis. It may also indicate cancer.
Biotinidase deficiency; is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to recycle the vitamin biotin. If this condition is not recognized and treated, its signs and symptoms typically appear within the first few months of life, although it can also become apparent later.
Birdshot chorioretinopathy; is a rare type of chronic inflammatory eye disease that can lead to vision loss or blindness.
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Blood alkaline phosphatase abnormal; SEE BELOW
Blood alkaline phosphatase increased; may indicate a health concern with your liver or gallbladder.
Blood bilirubin abnormal; SEE BELOW
Blood bilirubin increased;
Blood bilirubin unconjugated increased; Higher levels of indirect bilirubin may be a sign of other problems. A common, and harmless, cause of elevated bilirubin is Gilbert's syndrome, a lack of an enzyme that helps break down bilirubin.
Blood cholinesterase abnormal; SEE BELOW
Blood cholinesterase decreased; Reduced cholinesterase levels can be caused by chronic liver disease and malnutrition Total cholinesterase activity can be lowered in a number of other conditions, including pregnancy, renal disease, shock, and cancer.
Blood pressure decreased; SEE BELOW
Blood pressure diastolic decreased;
Blood pressure systolic decreased; diastolic blood pressure is too low, the heart muscles won’t get enough oxygenated blood. This can lead to weakening of your heart, a condition called diastolic heart failure.
Blue toe syndrome; is characterised by tissue ischaemia secondary to cholesterol crystal or atherothrombotic embolisation. It leads to the occlusion of small vessels. Cyanosis of the digits may have several etiologies ranging from trauma to connective tissue disease
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Brachiocephalic vein thrombosis; Isolated distention of the left external jugular vein: a clinical sign of the syndrome of the buckled innominate artery.
.Brain stem embolism; Brain stem strokes can have complex symptoms, and they can be difficult to diagnose. A person may have vertigo, dizziness and severe imbalance without the hallmark of most strokes — weakness on one side of the body.
Brain stem thrombosis; SEE ABOVE
Bromosulphthalein test abnormal; a phthalein dye test used in liver function tests. Determining the rate of removal of the dye from the blood stream gives a measure of liver function.
Bronchial oedema; Congestion and oedema increase airway wall thickness and act in series with airway smooth muscle contraction to reduce airway calibre, an effect which is more marked in small and intermediate bronchi.
Bronchitis; SEE BELOW
Bronchitis mycoplasmal;
Bronchitis viral;
Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis allergic
Bronchospasm;
**Patients with bronchitis usually have a viral respiratory infection with transient inflammatory changes that produce sputum and symptoms**
BuddChiari syndrome; a condition in which the hepatic veins (veins that drain the liver) are blocked or narrowed by a clot. This blockage causes blood to back up into the liver, and as a result, the liver grows larger.
Bulbar palsy; refers to bilateral impairment of function of the lower cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII, which occurs due to lower motor neuron lesion either at nuclear or fascicular level in the medulla or from bilateral lesions of the lower cranial nerves outside the brain-stem.
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Butterfly rash; It is characterized by an erythematous flat or raised rash across the bridge of the nose and cheeks, which usually spares nasolabial folds. It may be transient or progress to involve other areas of facial skin
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C1q nephropathy; a kidney disease in which a large amount of protein is lost in the urine. It is one of the many diseases that can cause the nephrotic syndrome. C1q is a normal protein in the immune system, and can be found floating in the circulation of most healthy people.
Caesarean section; No citation needed
Calcium embolism; accumulations of platelets, fibrin, and cholesterol, with traces of calcium. Descriptions of calcific emboli are infrequent. These typically affect the anterior circulation, there are cases in the literature of such emboli affecting the posterior cerebral artery.
Capillaritis; a group of chronic, benign, cutaneous eruptions characterized by the presence of petechiae, purpura, and increased skin pigmentation.
Caplan's syndrome; is swelling (inflammation) and scarring of the lungs. It occurs in people with rheumatoid arthritis who have breathed in dust, such as from coal (coal worker's pneumoconiosis) or silica.
***CARDIAC***
Cardiac amyloidosis;
Cardiac arrest;
Cardiac failure;
Cardiac failure acute;
Cardiac sarcoidosis;
Cardiac ventricular thrombosis;
Cardiogenic shock; happens when your heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to the brain and other vital organs. This is a life-threatening emergency. It is treatable if diagnosed right away, so it's important to know the warning signs.
Cardiolipin antibody positive; A positive result means that cardiolipin antibody was detected in the blood. The presence of cardiolipin antibodies may indicate several diseases, such as: Syphilis. Antiphospholipid syndrome.
***More of those Cardio issues!***
Cardiopulmonary failure;
Cardio-respiratory arrest;
Cardio-respiratory distress;
Cardiovascular insufficiency;
***The left and right common carotid arteries (carotids) are arteries that supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood***
Carotid arterial embolus; thrombus within the carotid artery.
Carotid artery thrombosis; see above.
Cataplexy; sudden loss of muscle tone while a person is awake leads to weakness and a loss of voluntary muscle control.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis; In cavernous sinus thrombosis, a blood clot blocks a vein that runs through a hollow space underneath the brain and behind the eye sockets
CDKL5 deficiency disorder; characterized by seizures that begin in infancy, followed by significant delays in many aspects of development.
CEC syndrome; also known as Gobbi syndrome, refers to the combination of celiac disease, epilepsy and bilateral occipital calcifications.
Central nervous system lupus; Lupus can affect both the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system.
Central nervous system vasculitis; is a rare disease that causes inflammation of the small arteries and veins in the brain and/or spinal cord.
***The cerebellum maintains our motor equilibrium and calibration of movements.***
Cerebellar artery thrombosis; A cerebellar stroke is one of the less common types of strokes. It occurs when a blood vessel is blocked or bleeding, causing complete interruption to a portion of the cerebellum.
Cerebellar embolism; SEE ABOVE
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; is a condition in which proteins called amyloid build up on the walls of the arteries in the brain. CAA causes bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic stroke) and dementia.
Cerebral arteritis; is a chronic, granulomatous vasculitis of large- and medium-sized arteries.
Cerebral artery embolism; SEE BELOW
Cerebral artery thrombosis;
Cerebral gas embolism;
Cerebral microembolism; Embolic strokes are usually caused by a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body (embolus) and travels through the bloodstream to the brain.
Cerebral septic infarct;
Cerebral thrombosis;
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis;
Cerebral venous thrombosis;
Cerebrospinal thrombotic tamponade;
Cerebrovascular accident; SEE ABOVE
Change in seizure presentation; Self explanatory
Chest discomfort; Self explanatory
Child-Pugh-Turcotte score abnormal; SEE BELOW
Child-Pugh-Turcotte score increased; a system for assessing the prognosis — including the required strength of treatment and necessity of liver transplant — of chronic liver disease, primarily cirrhosis.
Chillblains; the painful inflammation of small blood vessels in your skin that occur in response to repeated exposure to cold but not freezing air. Also known as pernio, chilblains can cause itching, red patches, swelling and blistering on your hands and feet
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Choking; Self explanatory
Choking sensation; Self explanatory
Cholangitis sclerosing; a chronic liver disease in which the bile ducts inside and outside the liver become inflamed and scarred.
Chronic autoimmune glomerulonephritis; the body's own immune system attacks the blood vessels of the glomeruli, the part of the kidney that filters the blood. This condition is life-threatening, but current treatments are limited and carry a high risk of serious side-effects.
Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus; the body’s immune system attacks healthy skin.
Chronic fatigue syndrome; characterised by profound fatigue, sleep abnormalities, pain and other symptoms that are made worse by exertion.
***This is a very common post Viral issue, I have CMV and as such I know how this can affect people, also common with Ross River Virus.***
Chronic gastritis; condition that occurs when your stomach lining becomes inflamed. Unlike acute gastritis, in which irritation appears quickly in the stomach lining, chronic gastritis develops gradually and can be more difficult to get rid of.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; a rare type of autoimmune disorder. In an autoimmune disease, the body attacks its own tissues. In CIDP, the body attacks the myelin sheaths. These are the fatty coverings on the fibers that insulate and protect the nerves.
Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids; a recently defined inflammatory central nervous system disorder, prominently involving the brainstem and in particular the pons.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis; a disorder that causes bone pain due to inflammation in the bones not caused by infection. One or multiple bones can be affected.
Chronic respiratory failure; SEE Acute respiratory failure
Chronic spontaneous urticaria; also called chronic idiopathic urticaria, is defined by the presence of urticaria (hives) on most days of the week, for a duration of six weeks or longer.
Circulatory collapse; characterizes any condition in which the arterial pressure and, consequently, the capillary stream are reduced to such an extent that, if long continued, the functions of the normal organs are impaired and those of previously deranged organs are prevented from regaining their normal activity.
Circumoral oedema; SEE BELOW
Circumoral swelling; Swelling around mouth.
Clinically isolated syndrome; is one of the MS disease courses. CIS refers to a first episode of neurologic symptoms that lasts at least 24 hours and is caused by inflammation or demyelination (loss of the myelin that covers the nerve cells) in the central nervous system.
CIS can be either monofocal or multifocal:
Monofocal episode: The person experiences a single neurologic sign or symptom — for example, an attack of optic neuritis — that is caused by a single lesion.
Multifocal episode: The person experiences more than one sign or symptom — for example, an attack of optic neuritis accompanied by numbness or tingling in the legs — caused by lesions in more than one place.
The episode usually has no associated fever or infection and is followed by a complete or partial recovery.
Clonic convulsion; clonic seizures are characterized by jerking or twitching.
Coeliac disease; an autoimmune disease where the immune system reacts abnormally to gluten.
Cogan's syndrome; a rare autoimmune disease that affects the eyes and inner ears. Symptoms of the syndrome include irritation and pain in the eyes, decreased vision, hearing loss, and vertigo. Other symptoms may include joint or muscle pain or inflammation of the blood vessels.
Cold agglutinins positive; This test checks how concentrated the autoantibodies are, or how many of them you have. A high concentration of autoantibodies is a sign of CAD (Cold Agglutinin Disease) a rare type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. With CAD, cold temperatures activate your immune system to destroy red blood cells. As a result, you may experience anemia symptoms that range from mild to severe.
Cold type haemolytic anaemia; a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis). Autoimmune diseases occur when one's own immune system attacks healthy tissue. More specifically, CAD is a subtype of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Colitis; Colitis is inflammation of the colon, also known as the large intestine.
Colitis erosive;
Colitis herpes;
Colitis microscopic;
Colitis ulcerative;
Collagen disorder; the name of a group of diseases that affect your connective tissue. Collagen vascular disease is sometimes also called connective tissue disease. Collagen vascular diseases can be heritable or autoimmune.
Collagen-vascular disease;
Complement factor abnormal; The complement system consists of more than 30 proteins, present in blood and tissues, as well as other proteins anchored on the surfaces of cells. The primary functions of the complement system are to protect from infection, to remove particulate substances, (like damaged or dying cells, microbes or immune complexes) and to help modulate adaptive immune responses. As part of the innate immune system, complement acts immediately to start the process of removal and resolution of the problem.
Complement factor C1 decreased;
Complement factor C2 decreased;
Complement factor C3 decreased;
Complement factor C4 decreased;
Complement factor decreased;
Computerised tomogram liver abnormal; CT OR CAT Scan, Abnormal liver.
Concentric sclerosis; a pattern of concentric (circular) areas of damaged myelin alternating with areas of relatively undamaged myelin in various parts of the brain and spinal cord. This pattern can be seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
****GOING INTO ONE THAT SHOULD NEVER HAVE BEEN ON THE CARDS, I AM SO BAFFLED AS TO WHY THIS TREATMENT WAS EVER USED IN PREGNANCY INDEED IN PEOPLE UNDER THE AGE OF 60, BUT THAT IS OPINION ONLY!!!!****
Congenital anomaly; can be defined as structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life. Also called birth defects, congenital disorders, or congenital malformations, these conditions develop prenatally and may be identified before or at birth, or later in life.
Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome; an extremely rare, late migration disorder of the brain characterized by pseudobulbar palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy and bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria. This syndrome was originally described by Graff-Radford et al. in identical twins.
Congenital herpes simplex infection; Neonatal HSV infection should be suspected in neonates and infants up to 6 weeks of age with the following:
Mucocutaneous vesicles
Sepsis-like illness (fever or hypothermia, irritability, lethargy, respiratory distress, apnea, abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, ascites)
CSF pleocytosis
Seizures
Focal neurologic signs
Abnormal neuroimaging
Respiratory distress, apnea, or progressive pneumonitis
Thrombocytopenia
Elevated liver transaminases, viral hepatitis, or acute liver failure
Conjunctivitis, excessive tearing, or painful eye symptoms
Congenital myasthenic syndrome; a group of conditions characterized by muscle weakness (myasthenia) that worsens with physical exertion. The muscle weakness typically begins in early childhood but can also appear in adolescence or adulthood.
Congenital varicella infection; an extremely rare disorder in which affected infants have distinctive abnormalities at birth (congenital) due to the mother’s infection with chickenpox (maternal varicella zoster) early during pregnancy (i.e., up to 20 weeks gestation). Affected newborns may have a low birth weight and characteristic abnormalities of the skin; the arms, legs, hands, and/or feet (extremities); the brain; the eyes; and/or, in rare cases, other areas of the body. The range and severity of associated symptoms and physical findings may vary greatly from case to case depending upon when maternal varicella zoster infection occurred during fetal development.
Congestive hepatopathy; refers to hepatic manifestations attributable to passive hepatic congestion, as occurs in patients with right-sided heart failure.
Convulsion in childhood; The most common type of seizure in children is from a fever. Other causes include infections, low blood sodium, medicines, drug use, brain injury or a tumor, and genetic changes.
Convulsions local; A partial (focal) seizure happens when unusual electrical activity affects a small area of the brain. When the seizure does not affect awareness, it is known as a simple partial seizure.
Convulsive threshold lowered; factors which lower the seizure threshold and make them more liable to have seizures. Such factors include stress, sleep deprivation, alcohol, menstruation and, especially in children, intercurrent infection and fever.
Coombs positive haemolytic anaemia; Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by shortened red blood cell survival and a positive Coombs test. The responsible autoantibodies may be either warm reactive or cold reactive.
***MORE OF THOSE CORONY ISSUES, NO WRITE UPS, SELF EXPLANATORY**
Coronary artery disease;
Coronary artery embolism;
Coronary artery thrombosis;
Coronary bypass thrombosis;
***No write ups on the following, self explanatory***
Coronavirus infection;
Coronavirus test;
Coronavirus test negative;
Coronavirus test positive;
Corpus callosotomy; is surgery to treat epilepsy seizures when antiseizure medications don’t help. The procedure involves cutting a band of fibers (the corpus callosum) in the brain. Afterward, the nerves can’t send seizure signals between the brain’s two halves. It makes seizures less severe and frequent and may stop them completely.
***NO WRITE UPS SELF EXPLANITORY***
Cough;
Cough variant asthma;
COVID-19;
COVID-19 immunisation;
COVID-19 pneumonia;
COVID-19 prophylaxis;
COVID-19 treatment;
Cranial nerve disorder; refers to an impairment of one of the twelve cranial nerves that emerge from the underside of the brain, pass through openings in the skull, and lead to parts of the head, neck, and trunk. These disorders can cause pain, tingling, numbness, weakness, or paralysis of the face including the eyes.
Cranial nerve palsies multiple; defined as involvement of two or more non-homologous nerves.
Cranial nerve paralysis; A cranial nerve palsy.
CREST syndrome; characterized by: Calcinosis: Calcium skin deposits. Raynaud's phenomenon: A condition in which the blood vessels of the fingers and toes spasm when triggered by factors, such as cold, stress or illness. Cold, painful or numb fingers and toes result, which in severe cases may become gangrenous.
Crohn's disease; is a type of inflammatory bowel disease. It causes swelling of the tissues (inflammation) in your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition.
Cryofibrinogenaemia; is an abnormal protein that forms precipitate only in plasma. Cryofibrinogenaemia can be detected both in healthy persons and patients with autoimmune diseases, cancer and infections. CF is frequently asymptomatic, although in a proportion of patients it is associated with skin lesions and systemic manifestations and can lead to refractory skin ulcers and gangrene or thrombotic events.
Cryoglobulinaemia; a rare disorder characterised by the presence of abnormal immunoglobulin proteins in the blood that can precipitate out into tissues at low temperatures and causing inflammation and damage.
CSF oligoclonal band present; Doctors can use this screen to help them diagnose MS. They can also use it to diagnose other inflammatory conditions and neurological diseases.
A positive test might also indicate that you have:
neurosyphilis
encephalitis
meningitis
Lyme disease
CSWS syndrome; Continuous spike and wave during slow wave sleep is an epileptic encephalopathy that presents with neurocognitive regression and clinical seizures, and that demonstrates an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of electrical status epilepticus during sleep.
Cutaneous amyloidosis; a condition in which clumps of abnormal proteins called amyloids build up in the skin, specifically in the wave-like projections (dermal papillae) between the top two layers of skin (the dermis and the epidermis).
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus; a diverse group of autoimmune connective tissue disorders localised to the skin that can be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus to varying degrees.
Cutaneous sarcoidosis; Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in organs and tissue, such as the skin, lung, lymph nodes, eyes, joints, brain, kidneys, and heart.
Cutaneous vasculitis; Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis is a not uncommon disorder characterized by an inflammation of the blood vessel walls and skin lesions. These skin lesions may be flat and red (macules), nodules or more substantial hemorrhages under the skin (purpura).
Cyanosis; refers to a bluish-purple hue to the skin. It is most easily seen where the skin is thin, such as the lips, mouth, earlobes and fingernails. Cyanosis indicates there may be decreased oxygen attached to red blood cells in the bloodstream. It may suggest a problem with the lungs or heart.
Cyclic neutropenia; a rare syndrome of recurrent neutropenia (typically every three weeks) and associated symptoms, including fever, malaise, mucosal ulcerations, and occasional abdominal discomfort; affected individuals are generally well between episodes.
Cystitis interstitial; a chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain and sometimes pelvic pain. The pain ranges from mild discomfort to severe pain. The condition is a part of a spectrum of diseases known as painful bladder syndrome.
Cytokine release syndrome; SEE BELOW
Cytokine storm; Cytokine release syndrome — sometimes called cytokine storm or cytokine-associated toxicity — is a condition that develops when your immune system responds too aggressively to infection.
With CRS, your body releases chemicals called cytokines. This process can result in a number of different symptoms and manifestations. People with CRS typically develop fever and a variety of other symptoms, which can affect multiple organs..
De novo purine synthesis inhibitors associated acute inflammatory syndrome; has been described from post-marketing experience as a paradoxical proinflammatory reaction associated with mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid, characterised by fever, arthralgia, arthritis, muscle pain and elevated inflammatory markers.
Death neonatal; NO CITATION NEEDED
Deep vein thrombosis; occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in the body, usually in the legs.
Deep vein thrombosis postoperative; See above, post operation.
Deficiency of bile secretion; The decrease or cessation of bile formation or flow is known as cholestasis. Cholestasis can result from the impaired canalicular secretion of bile, ductular disease, or obstruction of bile flow through the biliary tree.
Deja vu; ***(INTERESTING?!)*** is a French loanword expressing the feeling that one has lived through the present situation before.
Demyelinating polyneuropathy; a rare disorder of the peripheral nerves characterized by gradually increasing sensory loss and weakness associated with loss of reflexes.
Demyelination; A demyelinating disease is any condition that causes damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers in your brain, the nerves leading to the eyes (optic nerves) and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve impulses slow or even stop, causing neurological problems.
Dermatitis; a general term that describes a common skin irritation. It has many causes and forms and usually involves itchy, dry skin or a rash. Or it might cause the skin to blister, ooze, crust or flake off.
Dermatitis bullous;
Dermatitis herpetiformis;
Dermatomyositis; ALL AS ABOVE
Device embolisation;
Device related thrombosis; Although blood-contacting medical devices are used widely, blood clot formation (thrombosis) leads to device failure and potentially catastrophic adverse thrombotic events for patients, such as stroke or pulmonary embolism.
Diabetes mellitus; refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that make up the muscles and tissues. It's also the brain's main source of fuel.
Diabetic ketoacidosis; a serious complication of diabetes that can be life-threatening. DKA is most common among people with type 1 diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes can also develop DKA.
DKA develops when your body doesn't have enough insulin to allow blood sugar into your cells for use as energy.
Diabetic mastopathy; (DMP) is an uncommon benign fibrotic disease of the breast in patients with a history of long-standing diabetic mellitus (DM).
Dialysis amyloidosis; a serious complication of both long-term hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).
Dialysis membrane reaction; Allergic reactions during haemodialysis have been reported as related mostly to ethylene oxide sensitisation or non-biocompatible membrane dialysers such as cupramonium membranes. Adverse reactions to biocompatible polysulphone are not frequent but several cases have been reported.
Diastolic hypotension; Low diastolic blood pressure is when blood pressure between heartbeats is lower than it should be.
Diffuse vasculitis; involves inflammation of the blood vessels. If blood flow is restricted, it can result in organ and tissue damage.
Digital pitting scar; a common clinical feature in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis). Its pathogenesis is unclear, but it may result in small ulcerations. The clinical and histological features of these lesions are poorly understood.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation; (DIC) is a serious disorder in which the proteins that control blood clotting become overactive.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in newborn; As above but…. in a newborn
Disseminated neonatal herpes simplex; HERPES HSV infection in newborns is characterized by progressive multiple organ failure and high mortality rates.
Disseminated varicella; CHICKENPOX/SHINGLES
Disseminated varicella zoster vaccine virus infection;
Disseminated varicella zoster virus infection;
Disseminated zoster can be difficult to distinguish from varicella. The rash is usually painful, itchy, or tingly. These symptoms may precede rash onset by several days. Some people may also have headache, photophobia (sensitivity to bright light), and malaise in the prodromal phase.
DNA antibody positive; A high level of anti-dsDNA in the blood is strongly associated with lupus and is often significantly increased during or just prior to a flare-up. When the anti-dsDNA is positive and the person tested has other clinical signs and symptoms associated with lupus, it means that the person tested likely has lupus.
Double cortex syndrome; a rare neuronal migration disorder, classically present with seizures and intellectual impairment and is seen almost exclusively in females.
Double stranded DNA antibody positive; Test positive Indicated in cases of…
Lupus Nephritis.
Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus.
Antibody.
Autoantibody.
Double Stranded DNA.
Antinuclear Antibody.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Dreamy state; a brief altered state of consciousness similar to a dream, during which the individual experiences visual, olfactory, or auditory hallucinations.
Dressler's syndrome; is inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericarditis). It's believed to occur as the result of the immune system responding to damage to heart tissue or damage to the sac around the heart (pericardium).
Drop attacks; can be defined as sudden falls with or without loss of consciousness, due either to collapse of postural muscle tone or to abnormal muscle contractions in the legs.
Drug withdrawal convulsions; When individuals undergo substance detoxification, they often experience withdrawal symptoms.
Dyspnoea; the most common causes of dyspnea are asthma, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), interstitial lung disease, pneumonia, and psychogenic problems that are usually linked to anxiety. If shortness of breath starts suddenly, it is called an acute case of dyspnea.
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with burst-suppression; or Ohtahara syndrome (OS), and early myoclonic encephalopathy are epileptic encephalopathies with onset of frequent seizures in the neonatal and early infancy period and with a characteristic EEG pattern, namely, suppression-burst, in which higher-voltage bursts of slow waves mixed with multifocal spikes alternate with isoelectric suppression phase.
Eclampsia; a severe complication of preeclampsia. It's a rare but serious condition where high blood pressure results in seizures during pregnancy. Seizures are periods of disturbed brain activity that can cause episodes of staring, decreased alertness, and convulsions.
Eczema herpeticum; a disseminated viral infection characterised by fever and clusters of itchy blisters or punched-out erosions. It is most often seen as a complication of atopic dermatitis/eczema.
Embolia cutis medicamentosa; a rare, still unexplained complication of injection of several drugs, characterized by cutaneous, subcutaneous and even muscular aseptic necrosis in a livedoid pattern
Embolic cerebellar infarction; SEE BELOW
Embolic cerebral infarction; A cerebellar infarct (or cerebellar stroke) is a type of cerebrovascular event involving the posterior cranial fossa, specifically the cerebellum.
Embolic pneumonia; the result of a showering of septic thrombi into the pulmonary arterial system from major veins such as the caudal vena cava, mammary, uterine and jugular veins.
Embolic stroke; occurs when a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body breaks loose and travels to the brain via the bloodstream.
Embolism; a blocked artery caused by a foreign body, such as a blood clot or an air bubble. The body's tissues and organs need oxygen, which is transported around the body in the bloodstream.
Embolism arterial; a sudden interruption of blood flow to an organ or body part due to a clot (embolus) that has come from another part of the body.
Embolism venous; a term referring to blood clots in the veins.
Encephalitis; inflammation of the brain. There are several causes, including viral infection, autoimmune inflammation, bacterial infection, insect bites and others.
Encephalitis allergic; Self explanatory.
Encephalitis autoimmune; a collection of related conditions in which the body’s immune system attacks the brain, causing inflammation. The immune system produces substances called antibodies that mistakenly attack brain cells.
Encephalitis brain stem; rare, autoimmune disease of the peripheral and central nervous system (i.e., brainstem). BBE is considered a variant of other immune-mediated polyneuropathies, such as Guillain Barré syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome.
Encephalitis haemorrhagic; also known as acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, Hurst disease or Weston Hurst syndrome, is a very rare form of demyelinating disease.
Encephalitis periaxialis diffusa; a nonfamilial disorder affecting primarily children and young adults and characterized by progressive dementia, visual disturbances, deafness, pseudobulbar palsy, and hemiplegia or quadriplegia.
Encephalitis post immunisation; Since introducing the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, different adverse effects and complications have been linked to the vaccine. Variable neurological complications have been reported after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, such as acute encephalopathy.
Encephalomyelitis; may cause only mild flu-like signs and symptoms — such as a fever or headache — or no symptoms at all. Encephalitis can also cause severe symptoms including confusion, seizures, or problems with movement or with senses such as sight or hearing.
Encephalopathy; Encephalopathy is a term for any diffuse disease of the brain that alters brain function or structure.
Endocrine disorder; An endocrine disorder results from the improper function of the endocrine system, which includes the glands that secrete hormones, the receptors that respond to hormones and the organs that are directly impacted by hormones. At any one of these points, dysfunction can occur and cause wide-ranging effects on the body.
Endocrine ophthalmopathy; Endocrine ophthalmopathy is defined as an inflammatory process of the eyes which leads to soft tissue involvement (periorbital edema, congestion, and swelling of the conjunctiva), proptosis (anterior deplacement of the eye), extraocular muscle involvement leading to double-vision (diplopia), corneal lesions, and compression of the optic nerve.
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Endotracheal intubation; a medical procedure in which a tube is placed into the windpipe (trachea) through the mouth or nose. In most emergency situations, it is placed through the mouth.
Enteritis; inflammation of your small intestine. The most common causes are viral or bacterial infections and radiation exposure. Enteritis can also include the stomach (gastroenteritis) or the large intestine (enterocolitis).
Enteritis leukopenic; a severe condition usually affecting immunocompromised patients. Its exact pathogenesis is not completely understood. The main elements in disease onset appear to be intestinal mucosal injury together with neutropenia and the weakened immune system of the afflicted patients. These initial conditions lead to intestinal edema, engorged vessels, and a disrupted mucosal surface, which becomes more vulnerable to bacterial intramural invasion.
Enterobacter pneumonia; Enterobacter are ubiquitous in nature; their presence in the intestinal tracts of animals results in their wide distribution in soil, water, and sewage. They are also found in plants. In humans, multiple Enterobacter species are known to act as opportunistic pathogens (disease-causing organisms).
Enterocolitis; an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon. It may be caused by various infections, with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other causes.
Enteropathic spondylitis; a form of chronic, inflammatory arthritis associated with the occurrence of an inflammatory bowel disease, the two best-known types of which are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Eosinopenia; can be considered an inexpensive marker of bloodstream infection, although of limited diagnostic accuracy, in a general internal medicine setting. Eosinopenia, defined as a reduced eosinophil count in peripheral blood, was previously identified as a good diagnostic marker of infection.
Eosinophilic fasciitis; also called Shulman syndrome is an uncommon disorder of unknown etiology and poorly understood pathogenesis. EF is characterized in its early phase by limb or trunk erythema and edema and later by collagenous thickening of the subcutaneous fascia.
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Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; Churg-Strauss syndrome is a disorder marked by blood vessel inflammation. This inflammation can restrict blood flow to organs and tissues, sometimes permanently damaging them. This condition is also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
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Eosinophilic oesophagitis; a chronic inflammatory disorder of the oesophagus that leads to oesophageal dysfunction and symptoms including dysphagia and heartburn.
Epidermolysis; a rare condition that causes fragile, blistering skin. The blisters may appear in response to minor injury, even from heat, rubbing or scratching. In severe cases, the blisters may occur inside the body, such as the lining of the mouth or stomach.
Epilepsy; a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations and sometimes loss of awareness. .
Epilepsy surgery;
Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures; Myoclonic atonic epilepsy, typically known as Doose syndrome, was first described by Dr. Herman Doose from Germany in 1970. It is an uncommon childhood epilepsy syndromes. Usually the first seizure occurs between 2 and 6 years of age.
Epileptic aura; a focal aware seizure. Focal aware seizures (FAS) are sometimes called 'warnings' or 'auras' because, for some people a FAS develops into another type of seizure.
Epileptic psychosis; The psychotic symptoms in epilepsy share some qualities with schizophrenic psychosis, such as positive symptoms of paranoid delusions and hallucinations.
Erythema; an abnormal redness of skin or mucous membranes. Capillary congestion causes the condition, and red splotches on the hands or feet are classic examples of it.
Erythema induratum; an uncommon inflammatory disorder with alterations centered upon the subcutaneous fat tissue.
Erythema multiforme; a skin reaction that can be triggered by an infection or some medicines. It's usually mild and goes away in a few weeks. There's also a rare, severe form that can affect the mouth, genitals and eyes and can be life-threatening. This is known as erythema multiforme major.
Erythema nodosum; characterized by tender, red bumps, usually found symmetrically on the shins.
Evans syndrome; a rare disorder in which the body's immune system produces antibodies that mistakenly destroy red blood cells, platelets and sometimes certain white blood cell known as neutrophils.
Exanthema subitum; Roseola infantum, also known as exanthema subitum or sixth disease, typically presents in children between six and 12 months of age.
Expanded disability status scale score decreased; The EDSS scale ranges from 0 to 10 in 0.5 unit increments that represent higher levels of disability. Scoring is based on an examination by a neurologist. EDSS steps 1.0 to 4.5 refer to people with MS who are able to walk without any aid and is based on measures of impairment in eight functional systems.
Expanded disability status scale score increased; AS ABOVE
Exposure to communicable disease; Diseases can be transmitted through: direct contact with a sick person, respiratory droplet spread from a sick person sneezing or coughing.
Exposure to SARS-CoV-2; As ABOVE SARs CoV2.
Eye oedema; is a term for swelling around the eyes. The area around the eyes is called the eye socket or eye orbit.
Eye pruritus; Itchy eyes, also known as ocular pruritis, are a very common problem. Itchy eyes are usually caused by an allergy or by a condition called dry eye syndrome. .
Eye swelling;
Eyelid oedema; Eyelid oedema is a typical finding in cases of septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus, but can also occur with aseptic thrombosis of the sagittal sinus.
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Face oedema; occurs due to enlargement or inflammation of facial tissues. This condition is common and results from multiple causes such as allergic reactions, injuries, and infections.
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Facial paralysis; An inability to move the muscles of the face on one or both sides is known as facial paralysis. Facial paralysis can result from nerve damage due to congenital conditions, trauma or disease, such as stroke, brain tumor or Bell's palsy
Facial paresis; SEE ABOVE
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Faciobrachial dystonic seizure; is a distinctive adult-onset, high-frequency, very brief and highly specific antiepileptic resistant seizure.
Fat embolism; is defined by the presence of fat globules in the pulmonary circulation. The term fat embolism syndrome refers to the clinical syndrome that follows an identifiable insult which releases fat into the circulation, resulting in pulmonary and systemic symptoms.
Febrile convulsion;
The symptoms of febrile convulsions include:
loss of consciousness.
twitching or jerking of arms and legs.
breathing difficulty.
foaming at the mouth.
going pale or bluish in skin colour.
eye rolling, so only the whites of their eyes are visible.
child may take 10 to 15 minutes to wake up properly afterwards.
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome; a rare chronic epilepsy syndrome that suddenly develops after an acute febrile illness.
Febrile neutropenia; usually a complication of cancer treatment. It is the development of a fever, alongside other signs of infection such as feeling unwell, shivers and shakes in a patient with neutropenia.
Felty's syndrome; a rare, potentially serious disorder that is defined by the presence of three conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) and a decreased white blood cell count (neutropenia), which causes repeated infections.
Femoral artery embolism; Embolism to the lower extremities is caused by material that has traveled from elsewhere in the body.
Fibrillary glomerulonephritis; an uncommon kidney disease of the glomerulus, the site where waste is filtered from the body. Unusual fibril proteins plug the glomerulus, causing it to become inflamed.
Fibromyalgia; a long-term, or chronic, condition. It causes symptoms such as: musculoskeletal pain, or pain in the muscles and bones, tenderness, general fatigue.
Flushing; Flushing of the face may be associated with certain medical conditions, such as: High fever. Menopause. Rosacea (a chronic skin problem)
Foaming at mouth; is a physical symptom. It occurs when an excess of saliva mixes with air or gasses to create a foam.
Focal cortical resection; a type of surgery that removes damaged tissue from the brain that causes focal seizures. The surgery involves the removal of small parts of the brain and may involve tissue from one or more lobe.
Focal dyscognitive seizures; does not involve convulsions, but it does impair awareness or consciousness. During the seizure, the person may be unable to respond to questions.
Foetal distress syndrome; a sign that your baby is not well. It happens when the baby isn't receiving enough oxygen through the placenta. If it's not treated, fetal distress can lead to the baby breathing in amniotic fluid containing meconium.
Foetal placental thrombosis; a vascular thrombotic condition causing obstruction of arteries and veins in the fetal circulation of the placenta.
Foetor hepaticus; occurs when your breath has a strong, musty smell. It's a sign that the liver is having trouble doing its job of filtering out toxic substances, usually due to severe liver disease.
Foreign body embolism; almost all cases being iatrogenic, involving venous catheters, or due to penetrating foreign body emboli.
Frontal lobe epilepsy; Frontal lobe seizures, or frontal lobe epilepsy, can be caused by abnormalities — such as tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries — in the brain's frontal lobes. Frontal lobe seizures are also associated with a rare inherited disorder called autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy.
Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus; a recently discovered subtype of type 1 diabetes. It is defined as diabetes in which the process of beta-cell destruction and the progression of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis are extremely rapid.
Galactose elimination capacity test abnormal; a clinical liver test that gives an approximate measure of the liver’s maximum removal rate of galactose.
Galactose elimination capacity test decreased; SEE ABOVE
Gamma-glutamyltransferase abnormal; SEE BELOW
Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased; Having a higher-than-normal GGT level in your blood may indicate that a condition or disease is damaging your liver.
Gastritis herpes; Gastric infection with herpes simplex virus is rare, with only two cases previously reported. At the time of the previous reports, the virus could not be cultured, and the diagnosis was based on histological findings.
Gastrointestinal amyloidosis; Amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of an abnormal fibrillar protein. Amyloid deposition interferes with organ structure and its function.
Gelastic seizure; is the term used to describe focal or partial seizures with bouts of uncontrolled laughing or giggling. They are often called laughing seizures. The person may look like they are smiling or smirking.
Generalised onset non-motor seizure; An absence seizure causes a short period of “blanking out” or staring into space, and are usually so brief that they frequently escape notice.
Generalised tonic-clonic seizure; is a motor seizure and the most common type seen in patients with epilepsy.
Genital herpes;
Genital herpes simplex;
Genital herpes zoster; shingles is also known as herpes zoster. But the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles isn't the same virus that causes cold sores or genital herpes, which is a sexually transmitted infection.
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Giant cell arteritis; an inflammation of the lining of the arteries. Most often, it affects the arteries in the head, especially those in the temples.
Glomerulonephritis; inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys (glomeruli). The excess fluid and waste that glomeruli remove from the bloodstream exit the body as urine.
Glomerulonephritis membranoproliferative; a pattern of glomerular injury on kidney biopsy with characteristic light microscopic changes, including hyper-cellularity and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane.
Glomerulonephritis membranous; develops when inflammation of your kidney structures causes problems with the functioning of your kidney.
Glomerulonephritis rapidly progressive; progressive loss of kidney function over a comparatively short period of time (days, weeks, or a few months).
Glossopharyngeal nerve paralysis; paralysis of the ninth cranial nerve. Clinical features include: loss of sensation - tested by the gag reflex. loss of taste sensation on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
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Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome; a rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by deficiency of a protein that is required for glucose to cross the blood-brain barrier and other tissue barriers.
Glutamate dehydrogenase increased; a mitochondrial enzyme that reversibly converts glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate as part of the urea cycle. GLDH activity increases with liver injury.
Glycocholic acid increased; shown in cases of liver disease/damage and hepatitis.
GM2 gangliosidosis; rare genetic disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
Goodpasture's syndrome; rare disorder in which the body mistakenly makes antibodies that attack the lungs and kidneys.
Graft thrombosis; can occur immediately following AV graft creation, usually related to technical issues, or later after using the access for a variable period of time.
Granulocytopenia; is defined as a decrease of peripheral blood granulocytes below lower limit of normal range.
Granulocytopenia neonatal; is caused by feto-maternal granulocyte incompatibility.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis; an uncommon disorder that causes inflammation of the blood vessels in the nose, sinuses, throat, lungs and kidneys.
Granulomatous dermatitis; a rare skin disorder in which there is a particular pattern of granulomatous inflammation.
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Grey matter heterotopia; malformation of cortical development, where cortical cells (grey matter) are present in inappropriate locations in the brain, due to interruption in their migration to their correct location in the cerebral cortex.
Guanase increased; found to be significantly elevated in patients with various liver disorders, those with acute myocardial infarction with prominent congestion of the liver.
GuillainBarre syndrome; rare disorder in which the body's immune system attacks your nerves.
Haemolytic anaemia; a blood condition that occurs when your red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; is an aggressive and life-threatening syndrome of excessive immune activation.
Haemorrhage; Bleeding, also called hemorrhage, is the name used to describe blood loss.
Haemorrhagic ascites; is associated with malignancies, tuberculosis, or trauma.
Haemorrhagic disorder; result when the blood lacks certain clotting factors. These diseases are almost always inherited, although in rare cases they can develop later in life if the body forms antibodies that fight against the blood's natural clotting factors.
Haemorrhagic pneumonia; refers to a descriptive term for pneumonia that is complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage.
Haemorrhagic varicella syndrome; a serious complication of a relatively benign disorder and usually occurs in immunocompromised persons and those on immunosuppressive therapy
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Haemorrhagic vasculitis; (Haemorrhage with) Vasculitis involves inflammation of the blood vessels. The inflammation can cause the walls of the blood vessels to thicken, which reduces the width of the passageway through the vessel.
Hantavirus pulmonary infection; severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with hantaviruses.
Hashimoto's encephalopathy; an uncommon syndrome associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis.
Hashitoxicosis; the hyperthyroid phase of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It is caused by the destruction of the thyroid follicles by an inflammatory process that releases preformed thyroid hormones into the serum.
Hemimegalencephaly; a rare neurological condition in which one-half of the brain, or one side of the brain, is abnormally larger than the other.
Henoch-Schonlein purpura; an autoimmune disease that is often triggered by an upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include a rash caused by bleeding under the skin, arthritis, belly pain, and kidney disease.
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HenochSchonlein purpura nephritis; a rare kidney disease leading to chronic kidney disease.
Hepaplastin abnormal; SEE BELOW
Hepaplastin decreased; Detected in tests which can show Abnormalities of Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; Ordinarily, heparin prevents clotting and does not affect the platelets, components of the blood that help form blood clots. Triggered by the immune system in response to heparin, HIT causes a low platelet count.
**LIVER DISORDERS**
Hepatic amyloidosis; usually characterised by amyloid deposits in the liver.
Hepatic artery embolism; occurs when a blood clot forms in the artery that provides blood flow to the liver.
Hepatic artery flow decreased; blockages can cause liver damage. Obstruction of this vein can be caused by a tumor or growth pressing on the vessel, or by a clot in the vessel (hepatic vein thrombosis).
Hepatic artery thrombosis; SEE EMBOLISM
Hepatic enzyme abnormal; Elevated liver enzymes often indicate inflammation or damage to cells in the liver.
Hepatic enzyme decreased; SEE ABOVE
Hepatic enzyme increased; SEE ABOVE
Hepatic fibrosis marker abnormal; Liver fibrosis results in diminished blood flow throughout the liver.
Hepatic fibrosis marker increased; SEE ABOVE
Hepatic function abnormal; liver function tests can be abnormal because: Your liver is inflamed (for example, by infection, toxic substances like alcohol and some medicines, or by an immune condition). OR liver cells have been damaged (for example, by toxic substances, such as alcohol, paracetamol, poisons).
Hepatic hydrothorax; refers to the presence of a pleural effusion in a patient with cirrhosis who does not have other reasons to have a pleural effusion.
Hepatic hypertrophy; Liver hypertrophy is correlated to portal blood flow and hypoxemia.
Hepatic hypoperfusion; Hepatocytes hypoperfusion that causes liver cell injury is classified as “ischemic hepatitis”.
Hepatic lymphocytic infiltration; Recirculation of blood lymphocytes through the liver occurs under normal conditions as part of the process of immune surveillance. In response to injury or infection recruitment from blood increases and the nature and distribution of the infiltrate will determine the type and outcome of the resulting hepatitis.
Hepatic mass; Liver lesions are abnormal growths that may be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous.
Hepatic pain; Pain in liver itself can feel like a dull throbbing pain or a stabbing sensation in your right upper abdomen just under the ribs.
Hepatic sequestration; occurs when a patient with sickle cell disease acutely sequesters large numbers of red blood cells in the liver.
Hepatic vascular resistance increased; The resistance to blood flow through the liver
Hepatic vascular thrombosis; SEE EMBOLISM OF LIVER ABOVE
Hepatic vein embolism; SEE EMBOLISM OF LIVER ABOVE
Hepatic vein thrombosis; SEE EMBOLISM OF LIVER ABOVE
Hepatic venous pressure gradient abnormal; The normal HVPG value is between 1 to 5 mmHg. Pressure higher than this defines the presence of portal hypertension.
Hepatic venous pressure gradient increased; SEE ABOVE
Hepatitis; inflammation of the liver. The liver is a vital organ that processes nutrients, filters the blood, and fights infections.
Hepatobiliary scan abnormal; A scan was “abnormal,” it likely means THE images revealed one of the following: An infection. Gallstones. Bile duct blockage.
Hepatomegaly; An enlarged liver is one that's bigger than normal.
Hepatosplenomegaly; a disorder where both the liver and spleen swell beyond their normal size, due to one of a number of causes.
Hereditary angioedema with C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency; a rare syndrome of recurrent episodes of angioedema, without urticaria, which is associated with B cell lymphoproliferative disorders in some patients.
***ALL THE HERPES***
Herpes dermatitis; Eczema herpeticum is a potentially serious infection that affects people with atopic dermatitis and other types of eczema. It is caused by the herpes virus
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Herpes gestationis; also known as pemphigoid gestationis, a rare, autoimmune, bullous disease that occurs during the second or third trimester, but it has been reported in the first trimester. It flares at delivery and usually resolves spontaneously over weeks or months after delivery
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Herpes oesophagitis; Esophagitis is inflammation and irritation of the esophagus, and herpes esophagitis is a rare type that results from an HSV infection.
Herpes ophthalmic; commonly known as shingles, is a viral disease characterized by a unilateral painful skin rash in one or more dermatome distributions of the fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve), shared by the eye and ocular adnexa.
Herpes pharyngitis; HSV can also cause exudative or nonexudative pharyngitis, mainly in older children and young adults.
Herpes sepsis; HSV hepatitis is just one of several clinical manifestations of HSV sepsis leading more frequently to encephalitis, pneumonia and esophagitis.
Herpes simplex; Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV), known as herpes, is common globally.
Herpes simplex cervicitis; is an unusual presentation of Herpes simplex virus infection in females.
Herpes simplex colitis; a rare but potentially fatal complication of immunosuppressive treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Herpes simplex encephalitis; a rare neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). Common symptoms include headaches, fevers, drowsiness, hyperactivity, and/or general weakness.
Herpes simplex gastritis; is rare, with only two cases previously reported. At the time of the previous reports, the virus could not be cultured, and the diagnosis was based on histological findings.
Herpes simplex hepatitis; a rarely reported cause of viral hepatitis. Aggressive in nature, most cases of HSV hepatitis rapidly progress to fulminant hepatic failure.
Herpes simplex meningitis; an infection of the brain and brain covering (meninges) caused by the herpes simplex virus.
Herpes simplex meningoencephalitis; SEE ABOVE
Herpes simplex meningomyelitis; infection of the brain and the tissue that covers it with the herpes simplex virus.
Herpes simplex necrotising retinopathy; necrotising retinal lesions with HPV as origin.
Herpes simplex oesophagitis; usually observed in patients who are immunocompromised, but can occasionally be seen in patients who are immunocompetent.
Herpes simplex otitis externa; is inflammation of the external auditory canal caused by herpes simplex virus.
Herpes simplex pharyngitis; A sore throat with associated gingivostomatitis is the typical presenting symptom.
Herpes simplex pneumonia; Respiratory symptoms of HSV pneumonia include low-grade fever, cough, dyspnea, rales, hypoxemia, tachypnea, intractable wheezing, or chest pain.
Herpes simplex reactivation; Recurrent infections.
Herpes simplex sepsis; Compromised cellular immunity is a major risk factor for HSV sepsis because of either primary infection or reactivation of occult chronic HSV infection.
Herpes simplex viraemia; HSV viremia has been reported most often in patients with some identifiable form of immunocompromise.
Herpes simplex virus conjunctivitis neonatal; Ophthalmia neonatorum or neonatal conjunctivitis refers to conjunctival inflammation with associated discharge, transmission is by delivery via an infected birth canal
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Herpes simplex visceral; Herpes simplex virus is a cause of recurrent lesions of the oral or genital mucosa. It can also cause infection in the eye, skin, central nervous system, and/or visceral organs.
Herpes virus infection; Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV), known as herpes, is common globally.
***NOW INTO THE NEW EPIDEMIC- SHINGLES!!!!!***
Herpes zoster; also known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes varicella (chickenpox). Primary infection with VZV causes varicella. Once the illness resolves, the virus remains latent in the dorsal root ganglia.
Herpes zoster cutaneous disseminated; Cutaneous disease itself is not life threatening; however, it is a sign of viremia. In severely immunocompromised patients, this viremia can lead to visceral involvement, which can be life threatening.
Herpes zoster infection neurological; VZV the second most frequent virus causing encephalitis or meningitis
Herpes zoster meningitis; caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an uncommon neurological complication of herpes zoster.
Herpes zoster meningoencephalitis; an infection of the brain and brain covering (meninges) caused by the herpes zoster virus.
Herpes zoster meningomyelitis;
Herpes zoster meningoradiculitis;
Herpes zoster necrotising retinopathy;
Herpes zoster oticus;
Herpes zoster pharyngitis;
Herpes zoster reactivation; ALL AS ABOVE WITH HERPES SIMPLEX DESCRIPTIONS BUT ZOSTER VIRUS AS CAUSATION.
Herpetic radiculopathy; a type of segmental zoster paresis, can complicate the disease and cause motor weakness.
Histone antibody positive; A positive result means that a person likely has drug-induced lupus if the person also has: Symptoms associated with lupus. Been taking a drug, especially one associated with the condition, for several weeks to a couple of years. No identified autoimmune disorder prior to taking the drug.
Hoigne's syndrome; an acute psychotic reaction after the administration of intramuscular procaine penicillin. After the injection, these patients develop psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, hallucinations, and autonomic hyperactivity.
Human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis; SEE BELOW
Human herpesvirus 6 infection; a ubiquitous herpesvirus that commonly infects children younger than 3 years.
Human herpesvirus 6 infection reactivation; SEE ABOVE
Human herpesvirus 7 infection; The primary mechanism of transmission is from contact with saliva of infected individuals.
Human herpesvirus 8 infection; Most individuals latently infected with HHV-8 are asymptomatic.
Hyperammonaemia; a condition that happens when you have high levels of ammonia in your blood. It can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical treatment. Hyperammonemia has several causes. The two most common causes are liver disease and urea cycle disorders.
Hyperbilirubinaemia; occurs when there is an imbalance between bilirubin production, conjugation and elimination.
Hypercholia; abnormally large secretion of bile
Hypergammaglobulinaemia benign monoclonal; an uncommon condition characterized by elevated levels of immunoglobulins in your blood.
Hyperglycaemic seizure; are considered one of the most dangerous neurological complications of diabetes mellitus
Hypersensitivity; are exaggerated or inappropriate immunologic responses occurring in response to an antigen or allergen.
Hypersensitivity vasculitis; an extreme reaction to a drug, infection, or foreign substance. It leads to inflammation and damage to blood vessels, mainly in the skin. The term is not used much currently because more specific names are considered more precise
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Hyperthyroidism; (overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body's metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat.
Hypertransaminasaemia; the presence of elevated transaminases, commonly the transaminases alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), may be an indicator of liver dysfunction.
Hyperventilation; rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic. This overbreathing, as it is sometimes called, may actually leave you feeling breathless.
Hypoalbuminaemia; a condition where your body doesn't produce enough albumin protein that's responsible for keeping fluid in your blood vessels.
Hypocalcaemic seizure; These seizures likely occur in patients with predisposing endocrinological abnormalities or renal insufficiency with overall poor calcium homeostasis.
Hypogammaglobulinaemia; defined as reduced serum immunoglobulin (antibody) levels.
Hypoglossal nerve paralysis; Damage to the hypoglossal nerve causes paralysis of the tongue. Usually, one side of the tongue is affected, and when the person sticks out his or her tongue, it deviates or points toward the side that is damaged.
Hypoglossal nerve paresis; SEE ABOVE
Hypoglycaemic seizure; This kind of seizure (also called a grand mal seizure) involves the entire body, loss of consciousness, and violent muscle contractions. Other symptoms of hypoglycemia include sweating, fatigue, headache , anxiety, nausea, dizziness, alterations in vision, hunger, tremor , and confusion.
Hyponatraemic seizure; Severe and rapidly evolving hyponatremia may cause seizures, which are usually generalized tonic-clonic, and generally occur if the plasma sodium concentration rapidly decreases.
Hypotension; a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing from a sitting position or after lying down.
Hypotensive crisis; The shock syndrome consists of four different forms: cardiogenic, obstructive, hypovolemic, and distributive shock.
Hypothenar hammer syndrome; a condition of the hand in which the blood flow to the fingers is reduced. Hypothenar refers to the group of muscles that control the movement of the little finger.
Hypothyroidism; also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body's needs.
Hypoxia; low levels of oxygen in your body tissues. It causes symptoms like confusion, restlessness, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, and bluish skin. Many chronic heart and lung conditions can put you at risk for hypoxia.
****IDIOPATHIC-relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.****
Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia; a rare condition characterized by an unexplained deficit of circulating CD4 T cells leading to increased risk of serious opportunistic infections.
Idiopathic generalised epilepsy; a subtype of generalized epilepsy and consists of childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone.
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia; part of a broad, heterogeneous group of interstitial lung diseases.
Idiopathic neutropenia; a rare blood disorder characterized by abnormally low levels of certain white blood cells (neutrophils) in the bloodstream.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; a serious lung disease.
IgA nephropathy; also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when an antibody called immunoglobulin A builds up in your kidneys. This results in local inflammation that, over time, can hamper your kidneys' ability to filter waste from your blood.
IgM nephropathy; an autoimmune disease that affects the filters (gomeruli) of the kidneys. IgM is an immunoglobulin, which is a part of an individual's healthy immune system. Immunoglobulin M is an antibody produced by B cells and is normally the first antibody to respond and attack an infection in the body.
IIIrd nerve paralysis; causes a completely closed eyelid and deviation of the eye outward and downward. The eye cannot move inward or up, and the pupil is typically enlarged and does not react normally to light.
IIIrd nerve paresis; SEE ABOVE
Iliac artery embolism; a rare medical emergency that is not only limb-threatening, but also potentially life-threatening
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Immune thrombocytopenia; a type of platelet disorder. In ITP, your blood does not clot as it should, because you have a low platelet count.
***Immune-mediated- a group of conditions that result from abnormal activity of the immune cells, overreacting or attacking to the body**
Immune-mediated adverse reaction;
Immune-mediated cholangitis;
Immune-mediated cholestasis;
Immune-mediated cytopenia;
Immune-mediated encephalitis;
Immune-mediated encephalopathy;
Immune-mediated endocrinopathy;
Immune-mediated enterocolitis;
Immunemediated gastritis;
Immune-mediated hepatic disorder;
Immune-mediated hepatitis;
Immunemediated hyperthyroidism;
Immune-mediated hypothyroidism;
Immune-mediated myocarditis;
Immune-mediated myositis;
Immune-mediated nephritis;
Immune-mediated neuropathy;
Immune-mediated pancreatitis;
Immune-mediated pneumonitis;
Immune-mediated renal disorder;
Immune-mediated thyroiditis;
Immune-mediated uveitis;
Immunoglobulin G4 related disease; systemic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease that presents as organ dysfunction or mass lesions with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in single or multiple organs.
Immunoglobulins abnormal; Some conditions cause your body to make too many or too few immunoglobulins. Having too few immunoglobulins in your blood gives you a greater chance of getting infections. Having too many could mean you have allergies or an overactive immune system.
Implant site thrombosis; Clot at site of surgical implant.
Inclusion body myositis; (IBM) is a progressive muscle disorder characterized by muscle inflammation, weakness, and atrophy (wasting).
Infantile genetic agranulocytosis; An inherited disorder in which there is a lower-than-normal number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell that is important in fighting infections).
Infantile spasms; a rare but serious type of epilepsy. It's associated with a unique, very abnormal brain wave pattern that can cause serious harm to a young, developing brain.
Infected vasculitis; Vasculitis with infection.
Infective thrombosis; This condition is characterized by the presence of a thrombus that is associated with inflammation and pus formation (suppuration) both in the venous wall and surrounding the vessel.
Inflammation; part of the body's defense mechanism. It is the process by which the immune system recognizes and removes harmful and foreign stimuli and begins the healing process. Inflammation can be either acute or chronic.
Inflammatory bowel disease; (IBD) is a term that describes disorders involving long-standing (chronic) inflammation of tissues in your digestive tract.
Infusion site; a pump infusion set. The abdomen is generally easiest to see and reach, and is a good place for new pump users. Other common sites are the upper buttocks, outer thigh, hip flexor, back of the arm, lower back, and flanks.
Infusion site thrombosis;
Infusion site vasculitis;
Injection site thrombosis;
Injection site urticaria;
Injection site vasculitis;
Instillation site thrombosis;
Insulin autoimmune syndrome; a rare condition that causes low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This occurs because the body begins to make a specific kind of protein called antibodies to attack insulin.
Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis; a rare skin condition that presents with erythematous and violaceous plaques, and may be associated with pruritus and pain. The cause remains unknown, but is often associated with autoimmune disease and drug-related adverse effects.
Interstitial lung disease; (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs.
Intracardiac mass; are most commonly due to thrombi, vegetations, or myxomas; however, a host of other masses occur in the heart as a consequence of benign and malignant tumors.
Intracardiac thrombus; seen in a variety of clinical settings and can result in severe morbidity or even death from embolic events. They can occur following myocardial infarction with ventricular thrombus formation, or with atrial fibrillation and mitral stenosis where atrial thrombi predominate.
Intracranial pressure increased; A brain injury or another medical condition can cause growing pressure inside your skull. This dangerous condition is called increased intracranial pressure and can lead to a headache. The pressure also further injure your brain or spinal cord.
Intrapericardial thrombosis; Intrapericardial is a type of treatment in which anticancer drugs are injected through a thin tube directly into the pericardium (the sac around the heart).
Intrinsic factor antibody abnormal; Intrinsic factor deficiency is a rare condition that is characterized by pernicious anemia and neurological abnormalities. Symptoms may include failure to thrive and symptoms related to anemia (i.e. fatigue, pale skin, etc).
Intrinsic factor antibody positive; A positive Intrinsic Factor antibody result can exclude the need for further testing.
IPEX syndrome; a genetic disease of immune dysregulation that causes diarrhea, diabetes, and eczema in young patients.
Irregular breathing; include apnea, eupnea, orthopnea, dyspnea hyperpnea, hyperventilation, hypoventilation, tachypnea, Kussmaul respiration, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, sighing respiration, Biot respiration, apneustic breathing, central neurogenic hyperventilation, and central neurogenic hypoventilation.
IRVAN syndrome; a rare clinical entity of unknown etiolo. Inflammation of the retinal vessels is seen in association with various ocular inflammations and systemic vascular diseases, or it can be idiopathic.
IVth nerve paralysis; Fourth nerve palsy means that a certain muscle in your eye is paralyzed.
IVth nerve paresis; SEE ABOVE
JC polyomavirus test positive; (TEST FOR)-Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a disease of the white matter of the brain, caused by a virus infection that targets cells that make myelin, the material that insulates nerve cells (neurons).
JC virus CSF test positive; AS ABOVE
Jeavons syndrome; Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonias, or Jeavons syndrome, is an idiopathic generalized epilepsy characterized by the triad of eyelid myoclonia with or without absence seizures, eyelid closure-elicited electroencephalographic (EEG) paroxysms (epileptiform discharges and/or seizures), and photosensitivity.
Jugular vein embolism; occurs when a thrombus develops in the lumen of the internal jugular vein.
Jugular vein thrombosis; SEE ABOVE
;
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; the most common type of arthritis in kids and teens. It typically causes joint pain and inflammation in the hands, knees, ankles, elbows and/or wrists. But, it may affect other body parts too .
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is the most common generalized epilepsy syndrome.
Juvenile polymyositis; is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the muscles (myositis) in children. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue and cells.
Juvenile psoriatic arthritis; Psoriatic arthritis is a form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and is characterized by chronic joint inflammation and swelling, as well as an increased risk for asymptomatic eye inflammation.
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Juvenile spondyloarthritis; is the medical term for a group of childhood rheumatic diseases, which cause arthritis before the age of 16 and may span through adult life.
Kaposi sarcoma inflammatory cytokine syndrome; - KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome is a newly recognized disease caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. This virus can cause cancer. People with KICS can have severe symptoms. They include fever, weight loss, and fluid in the legs or abdomen. People with KICS may also be at risk of getting other cancers associated with KSHV. These cancers include Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma.
Kawasaki's disease; Kawasaki disease is a relatively uncommon illness that mostly affects children under five years of age. It can also occur in older children, and very rarely in teenagers and adults. When vessels throughout the body become inflamed, including those of the heart, it is known as vasculitis.
Kawasaki disease is a collection of symptoms caused by vasculitis. What causes the inflammation in Kawasaki disease remains unknown. It is most likely an abnormal response by the immune system of some children to a common germ.
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Kayser-Fleischer ring; Kayser–Fleischer rings are a sign of Wilson's disease, which involves abnormal copper handling by the liver resulting in copper accumulation in the body and is characterised by abnormalities of the basal ganglia of the brain, liver cirrhosis, splenomegaly, involuntary movements, muscle rigidity, psychiatric disturbances, dystonia and dysphagia.
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Keratoderma blenorrhagica; (meaning- keratinized skin mucousy discharge) also called keratoderma blennorrhagica are skin lesions commonly found on the palms and soles but which may spread to the scrotum, scalp and trunk. The lesions may resemble psoriasis.
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Ketosis prone diabetes mellitus; comprises a group of diabetes syndromes characterized by severe beta cell dysfunction (manifested by presentation with DKA or unprovoked ketosis) and a variable clinical course.
Kounis syndrome; the concurrence of acute coronary syndromes with conditions associated with mast cell activation, such as allergies or hypersensitivity and anaphylactic or anaphylactoid insults that can involve other interrelated and interacting inflammatory cells behaving as a 'ball of thread'.
Lafora's myoclonic epilepsy; a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures (epilepsy) and a decline in intellectual function. The signs and symptoms of the disorder usually appear in late childhood or adolescence and worsen with time.
Lambl's excrescences; a histological term describing rare cardiac growths that develop at the valvular coaptation sites of the heart which are seen as a thin, hypermobile, and filiform strand on an echocardiogram.
Laryngeal dyspnoea; a life-threatening emergency situation. The diagnosis is clinical and made from the association of: inspiratory bradypnea, intercostal and sus-sternal inspiratory depression, with or without stridor.
Laryngeal oedema; a frequent complication of intubation and is caused by trauma to the larynx. The edema results in a decreased size of the laryngeal lumen, which may present as stridor or respiratory distress (or both) following extubation.
Laryngeal rheumatoid arthritis; arthritis can affect the cricoarytenoid joints in the throat. Symptoms include hoarseness, painful swallowing, feeling like something is stuck in your throat, shortness of breath, and loud breathing.
Laryngospasm; a transient and reversible spasm of the vocal cords that temporarily makes it difficult to speak or breathe. The vocal cords are two fibrous bands inside the voice box (larynx) at the top of the windpipe (trachea).
Laryngotracheal oedema; SEE OEDEMA
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults; a slow-progressing form of autoimmune diabetes. Like the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes, LADA occurs because your pancreas stops producing adequate insulin, most likely from some "insult" that slowly damages the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
LE cells present; The presence of LE cells indicates lupus. A smear is considered positive when 10 or more characteristic LE cells are seen during a 15-minute search, associated with the presence of extracellular, amorphous, nuclear masses.
Lemierre syndrome; a severe illness caused by the anaerobic bacterium, Fusobacterium necrophorum which typically occurs in healthy teenagers and young adults. The infection originates in the throat and spreads via a septic thrombophlebitis of the tonsillar vein and internal jugular vein.
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; a severe form of epilepsy. Seizures begin in early childhood, usually before the age of 4 years. Children, adolescents, and adults with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome have multiple types of seizures that vary among individuals.
Leucine aminopeptidase increased; the elevation of this enzyme (is noted) in subjects with neoplastic diseases especially in the female genitalia.
Leukoencephalomyelitis; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a disease of the white matter of the brain, caused by a virus infection that targets cells that make myelin-the material that insulates nerve cells (neurons).
Leukoencephalopathy; a progressive disorder that mainly affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). This disorder causes deterioration of the central nervous system's white matter, which consists of nerve fibers covered by myelin.
Leukopenia; A low white blood cell count (leukopenia) is a decrease in disease-fighting cells (leukocytes) in your blood. Leukopenia is almost always related to a decrease in a certain type of white blood cell (neutrophil).
Leukopenia neonatal; AS ABOVE, NEONATAL
Lewis-Sumner syndrome; a dys-immune peripheral nerve disorder, characterized by a predominantly distal, asymmetric weakness mostly affecting the upper limbs with sensory impairment, and by the presence of multifocal persistent conduction blocks.
Lhermitte's sign; a sudden sensation resembling an electric shock that passes down the back of your neck and into your spine and may then radiate out into your arms and legs. It is usually triggered by bending your head forward towards your chest
.
Lichen planopilaris; an uncommon inflammatory condition that can lead to permanent hair loss.
Lichen planus; a condition that can cause swelling and irritation in the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes
.
Lichen sclerosus; a condition that causes patchy, discolored, thin skin. It usually affects the genital and anal areas. Anyone can get lichen sclerosus but postmenopausal women are at higher risk
.
Limbic encephalitis; represents a group of autoimmune conditions characterized by inflammation of the limbic system and other parts of the brain. The cardinal sign of Limbic encephalitis is a severe impairment of short-term memory; however, symptoms may also include confusion, psychiatric symptoms, and seizures.
Linear IgA disease; a rare, autoimmune, blistering disease in which blisters form in the skin and mucous membranes including the mouth, genital mucosae, and conjunctivae.
,
Lip oedema; SEE Angioedema
Lip swelling; AS ABOVE
Liver function test abnormal; If your liver function tests are abnormal, further testing might be necessary to work out what is causing the liver damage and/or disease. Some LFTs can be affected by conditions in the bones or elsewhere in the body. It is also possible that some LFT results can be mildly abnormal when there is no problem at all.
Liver function test decreased;
Liver function test increased;
Liver induration;
Liver injury;
Liver iron concentration abnormal;
Liver iron concentration increased;
Liver opacity;
Liver palpable;
Liver sarcoidosis;
Liver scan abnormal;
Liver tenderness;
Low birth weight baby; SELF EXPLANATORY
Lower respiratory tract herpes infection; After reactivation and shedding in the oropharynx, the (HSV) virus may reach the lower respiratory tract by aspiration or by contiguous spread.
Lower respiratory tract infection; a broad terminology which includes acute bronchitis, pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/chronic bronchitis, and acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis.
Lower respiratory tract infection viral; Lower respiratory tract infections with respiratory viruses are relatively common in immunocompromised patients. .
Lung abscess; circumscribed, purulent infection contained with the lung parenchyma. Most lung abscesses arise as a complication of aspiration. As such, they are typically polymicrobial and indolent in onset.
***LUPUS DISORDERS***
Lupoid hepatic cirrhosis; Lupus hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis are 2 immunologic conditions involving the liver, which can have similar clinical, laboratory and systemic presentations, leading to difficulties in diagnosis.
Lupus cystitis; a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and occurs in association with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Lupus encephalitis;
Lupus endocarditis;
Lupus enteritis;
Lupus hepatitis;
Lupus myocarditis;
Lupus myositis;
Lupus nephritis;
Lupus pancreatitis;
Lupus pleurisy;
Lupus pneumonitis;
Lupus vasculitis;
Lupus-like syndrome; Drug-induced lupus is a lupus-like disease caused by certain prescription drugs. The drugs most commonly connected with drug-induced lupus are: hydralazine (used to treat high blood pressure or hypertension) procainamide (used to treat irregular heart rhythms)
Lymphocytic hypophysitis; a rare autoimmune condition of the pituitary gland. It causes the pituitary gland to be infiltrated by lymphocytes and can cause hypopituitarism, and thus, diagnosis and management need to be performed in a timely manner.
Lymphocytopenia neonatal; a decrease in lymphocytes, the type of white blood cell that, among other tasks, protects your body from viral infections. Lymphocytopenia can result from an inherited syndrome, be associated with certain diseases, or be a side effect from medications or other treatments.
Lymphopenia; a disorder in which your blood doesn't have enough white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes play a protective role in your immune system. There are three types of lymphocytes. All lymphocytes help protect you from infection, but they have different functions.
MAGIC syndrome; an acronym for mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage syndrome. Patients reported with this syndrome have features characteristic of both Behçet syndrome and relapsing polychondritis
.
Magnetic resonance imaging liver abnormal; Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of liver function can enable diagnosis of cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated fibrosis and steatohepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, toxic hepatitis, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy-related changes, which may be only visible on hepatobiliary phase images.
Magnetic resonance proton density fat fraction measurement; The proton density fat fraction, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-PDFF), provides an accurate, validated marker of hepatic steatosis.
Mahler sign; indication of thrombosis, with increase in pulse rate and no elevation of temperature.
Manufacturing laboratory analytical testing issue; ALL SELF explanatory.
Manufacturing materials issue;
Manufacturing production issue;
Marburg's variant multiple sclerosis; a severe and fulminant pseudotumor form of multiple sclerosis (MS) with high morbidity and mortality rates. Because of its scarcity, it remains incompletely characterized and physicians' experiences will influence the treatment.
Marchiafava-Bignami disease; a rare affliction characterized by primary degeneration of the corpus callosum associated with chronic consumption of ethanol. The disease may occasionally occur in patients who are not alcoholics but are chronically malnourished.
Marine Lenhart syndrome; a variant of Graves' disease with incidentally functioning nodule(s) which are responsive to thyroid stimulating hormone but are not responsive to thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins.
Mastocytic enterocolitis; a term describing the condition of chronic, intractable diarrhea in people with normal colon or duodenum biopsy results, but with an increased number of mast cells in the mucosa (the innermost layer of the colon).
Maternal exposure during pregnancy; SELF EXPLANATORY
Medical device site thrombosis; Thrombus formation is a common cause of failure of medical devices.
Medical device site vasculitis; SEE ABOVE
MELAS syndrome; an accumulation of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), that can lead to vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, muscle weakness and difficulty breathing. This accumulation of lactic acid has also been noted in the spinal fluid and in the brain.
Meningitis; an inflammation of the fluid and membranes (meninges) surrounding your brain and spinal cord. The swelling from meningitis typically triggers signs and symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck.
Meningitis aseptic; refers to patients who have clinical and laboratory evidence for meningeal inflammation with negative routine bacterial cultures.
Meningitis herpes; an infection of the brain and brain covering (meninges) caused by the herpes simplex virus. It is a medical emergency that requires treatment right away.
Meningoencephalitis herpes simplex neonatal; Neonatal herpes may be localized to the skin, eyes, or mouth, the central nervous system, or may be disseminated. Encephalitis and disseminated disease have a high mortality rate, and neurologic sequelae are common among survivors.
Meningoencephalitis herpetic; an infection of the brain and brain covering (meninges) caused by the herpes simplex virus. It is a medical emergency that requires treatment right away.
Meningomyelitis herpes; is infection of the brain and the tissue that covers it with the herpes simplex virus.
MERS-CoV test; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a virus transferred to humans from infected dromedary camels. It is a zoonotic virus, meaning it is transmitted between animals and people, and it is contractable through direct or indirect contact with infected animals.
MERS-CoV test negative;
MERS-CoV test positive;
Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis; a condition that affects the kidneys. It may present with nephrotic syndrome, which is a group of symptoms that include protein in the urine (proteinuria), low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and swelling.
Mesenteric artery embolism; is a condition involving occlusion of the arterial vascular supply of the intestinal system. It is a severe and potentially fatal illness typically of the superior mesenteric artery, which provides the primary arterial supply to the small intestine and ascending colon.
Mesenteric artery thrombosis;
Mesenteric vein thrombosis; SEE ABOVE
Metapneumovirus infection; HMPV infection may progress to bronchitis or pneumonia and are similar to other viruses that cause upper and lower respiratory infections.
Metastatic cutaneous Crohn's disease; a rare cutaneous manifestation of Crohn disease. It is defined as the presence of noncaseating granulomatous lesions of the skin at sites anatomically separate from the gastrointestinal tract.
Metastatic pulmonary embolism; HAS BEEN GONE OVER PREVIOUSLY IN DOCUMENT
Microangiopathy; one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. The small blood vessel changes affecting the retinal and renal vasculature are responsible for blindness and kidney failure.
Microembolism; a small particle, often a blood clot, that becomes caught while traveling through the bloodstream and can cause blockage in a blood vessel. When many of these occur in in the blood vessels of the brain, they are known as cerebral microemboli.
Microscopic polyangiitis; is a condition that causes small blood vessels to be inflamed. It's a rare type of vasculitis. The disease can damage the blood vessels and cause problems in organs around the body.
Middle East respiratory syndrome; SEE MERS
Migraine-triggered seizure; On the surface, migraines and epileptic seizures look nothing alike. Hyperactivity in brain circuits triggers the characteristic symptoms of seizures, like convulsions and loss of consciousness. A typical migraine, on the other hand, involves a throbbing headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.
Miliary pneumonia; The presence of diffuse miliary pneumonia suggests underlying immunodeficiency, and those patients are usually critically ill, with the vast majority developing acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Miller Fisher syndrome; a rare, acquired nerve disease that is considered to be a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. It is characterized by abnormal muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and absence of the tendon reflexes.
Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase increased; Present in tests for liver disease?
Mixed connective tissue disease; has signs and symptoms of a combination of disorders — primarily lupus, scleroderma, and polymyositis. Many people with this uncommon disease also have Sjogren's syndrome.
Model for end stage liver disease score abnormal; One of the ways to determine if liver is failing is through blood tests, which helps to determine MELD score, or Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score.
Model for end stage liver disease score increased;
Molar ratio of total branched-chain amino acid to tyrosine; The Molar Ratio of Total Branched-chain Amino Acids to Tyrosine Predicts a Digit Symbol Test Abnormality in Cirrhotic Patients.
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency; rare condition characterized by brain dysfunction (encephalopathy) that worsens over time. Babies with this condition appear normal at birth, but within a week they have difficulty feeding and develop seizures that do not improve with treatment.
Monocytopenia; a form of leukocytopenia associated with a deficiency of monocytes. The major causes of this condition include use of myelotoxic drugs, acute infectious stress, aplastic anemia, hairy cell leukemia and myeloid leukemia.
Mononeuritis; is most commonly caused by vasculitis, which may be either systemic or isolated to the nerves. Other causes include hypersensitivity reactions to drugs or infections, or direct viral or bacterial infection of nerves.
Mononeuropathy multiplex; a nervous system disorder that involves damage to at least two separate nerve areas.
Morphoea; is characterised by an area of inflammation and fibrosis (thickening and hardening) of the skin due to increased collagen deposition.
Morvan syndrome; or Morvan's fibrillary chorea is a rare constellation of neurological symptoms, consisting of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, autonomic instability, and encephalopathy often associated with autoantibodies to voltage-gated potassium channel complexes.
Mouth swelling; ALREADY COVERED
Moyamoya disease; a rare blood vessel (vascular) disorder in which the carotid artery in the skull becomes blocked or narrowed, reducing blood flow to your brain. Tiny blood vessels then develop at the base of the brain in an attempt to supply the brain with blood.
Multifocal motor neuropathy; also called multifocal motor neuropathy is a rare, acquired, motor neuropathy characterized by progressive asymmetric weakness without sensory problems.
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; can be defined as the development of potentially reversible physiologic derangement involving two or more organ systems not involved in the disorder that resulted in ICU admission, and arising in the wake of a potentially life-threatening physiologic insult.
Multiple sclerosis; is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).
In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body. Eventually, the disease can cause permanent damage or deterioration of the nerves.
Multiple sclerosis relapse;
Multiple sclerosis relapse prophylaxis;
Multiple subpial transection; a surgical technique by which connections of the epileptic focus are partially cut without resection.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; a condition where different body parts can become inflamed, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, or gastrointestinal organs.
Muscular sarcoidosis; Sarcoidosis is a rare condition, characterized by clumps of inflammatory immune cells, called granulomas, that form in various organs and tissues. Their accumulation affects the organ's ability to work as needed, and causes inflammation. If untreated, permanent organ damage can result.
Myasthenia gravis; a chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles that worsens after periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. These muscles are responsible for functions involving breathing and moving parts of the body, including the arms and legs.
Myasthenia gravis crisis; a complication of myasthenia gravis characterized by worsening of muscle weakness, resulting in respiratory failure that requires intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Myasthenia gravis neonatal; an antibody-mediated disorder caused by the transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies.
Myasthenic syndrome; a group of conditions characterized by muscle weakness (myasthenia) that worsens with physical exertion. The muscle weakness typically begins in early childhood but can also appear in adolescence or adulthood.
Myelitis; inflammation of the spinal cord which can disrupt the normal responses from the brain to the rest of the body, and from the rest of the body to the brain.
Myelitis transverse; an inflammation of the spinal cord, the part of the central nervous system that sends impulses from the brain to nerves in the body. The spinal cord also carries sensory information back to the brain.
Myocardial infarction; A heart attack (myocardial infarction) happens when one or more areas of the heart muscle don't get enough oxygen. This happens when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked.
Myocarditis; is inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). The inflammation can reduce the heart's ability to pump blood. Myocarditis can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, and rapid or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Infection with a virus is one cause of myocarditis.
Myocarditis post infection; Myocarditis is the inflammation of the middle layer of the heart muscle wall, known as the myocardium. It is uncommon and typically triggered by a viral infection. Myocarditis can weaken the heart muscle as well as the electrical system that keeps the heart pumping normally.
Myoclonic epilepsy; are characterized by brief, jerking spasms of a muscle or muscle group. They often occur with atonic seizures, which cause sudden muscle limpness.
Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibres; a multisystem mitochondrial syndrome characterized by progressive myoclonus and seizures. Other features associated with MERRF include cerebellar ataxia, myopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy, and dementia.
Myokymia; Eyelid twitching (myokymia) affects only the eyelid. This type of twitch or spasm is very common and happens to most people at one time or another. It can involve either the upper or lower lid, but usually only one eye at a time. The eye twitching can range from barely noticeable to bothersome.
Myositis; means inflammation of the muscles that you use to move your body. An injury, infection, or autoimmune disease can cause it. Two specific kinds are polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
Narcolepsy; A chronic sleep disorder that causes overwhelming daytime drowsiness.
The cause of narcolepsy isn't well understood but may involve genetic factors and abnormal signalling in the brain.
Narcolepsy causes sudden attacks of sleep. Sudden loss of muscle tone and hallucinations might occur.
Nasal herpes; The HSV-1 virus can cause cold sores underneath the nose. Cold sores are painful, fluid-filled blisters on the face. In most cases, cold sores are harmless and will go away on their own.
Nasal obstruction; is not a disease but rather a symptom of an underlying disorder that causes the nasal passages to be blocked or obstructed.
Necrotising herpetic retinopathy; are white-yellow patches of necrotizing retinitis that usually first appear in the far- or midperiphery. With time, these patches become larger, increase in number, and coalesce. Without antiviral therapy, full-thickness necrosis of the entire peripheral retina will result.
Neonatal Crohn's disease; Common symptoms of pediatric Crohn's disease are cramping, abdominal pain, and chronic episodes of watery diarrhea; blood may at times be seen in the diarrhea.
Neonatal epileptic seizure; Neonatal seizures are often symptoms of a more serious underlying condition, particularly brain injury.
Neonatal lupus erythematosus; an autoimmune disease in which passive transfer of autoantibodies from the mother to the fetus results in fetal and neonatal disease. The major manifestations are cardiac and cutaneous findings.
Neonatal mucocutaneous herpes simplex; Congenital HERPES as covered already
Neonatal pneumonia;
Neonatal seizure; ALREADY COVERED IN CONGENITAL SECTIONS
Nephritis; (also called glomerulonephritis) is a group of diseases that cause inflammation (swelling) of the nephrons. This can reduce your kidney's ability to filter waste from your blood.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis; a rare disease that occurs mainly in people with advanced kidney failure with or without dialysis. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis may resemble skin diseases, such as scleroderma and scleromyxedema, with thickening and darkening developing on large areas of the skin
.
Neuralgic amyotrophy; a disorder characterized by episodes of severe pain and muscle wasting (amyotrophy) in one or both shoulders and arms. Neuralgic pain is felt along the path of one or more nerves and often has no obvious physical cause.
Neuritis; a broad term used to describe inflamed peripheral nerves. These are the nerves found outside the brain and spinal cord. They carry signals from different parts of the body to the brain. When they are inflamed, they begin to malfunction. The condition can affect a single nerve.
Neuritis cranial; the inflammation of a cranial nerve. The inflammatory process may cause destruction and/or demyelination of the nerves. Involvement of multiple cranial nerves within the disease process can be classified as polyneuritis cranialis.
Neuromyelitis optica pseudo relapse; is a rare antibody-mediated CNS disease characterised by disabling relapses leading to high morbidity and mortality.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; previously known as Devic disease or neuromyelitis optica are inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system characterized by severe, immune-mediated demyelination and axonal damage predominantly targeting optic nerves and the spinal cord.
Neuromyotonia; a rare condition of spontaneous and continuous muscle fibre activity of peripheral nerve origin. It represents the more severe phenotype of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, and when acquired is often associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels.
Neuronal neuropathy; a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, an autoimmune disease. It is characterized by acute paralysis and loss of reflexes without sensory loss.
Neuropathy peripheral; Weakness, numbness and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet.
A common cause of peripheral neuropathy is diabetes, but it can also result from injuries, infections and exposure to toxins.
Neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa syndrome; a condition that causes a variety of signs and symptoms that mainly affect the nervous system.
Neuropsychiatric lupus; the least understood, yet perhaps the most prevalent manifestation of lupus.
Neurosarcoidosis; characterized by inflammation and abnormal cell deposits in any part of the nervous system – the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.
Neutropenia; An abnormally low count of a type of white blood cell (neutrophils).
There can be no symptoms other than an increased vulnerability to infection.
Neutropenia neonatal; Neutropenia is an abnormally low number of white blood cells. These cells are called neutrophils. They help the body fight infection.
Neutropenic colitis; a severe condition usually affecting immunocompromised patients. Its exact pathogenesis is not completely understood. The main elements in disease onset appear to be intestinal mucosal injury together with neutropenia and the weakened immune system of the afflicted patients.
Neutropenic infection;
Neutropenic sepsis;
Nodular rash; A skin condition characterised by multiple nodules on the backs of the arms and legs that are extremely itchy.
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Nodular vasculitis; an uncommon form of panniculitis characterized by erythematous nodules or plaques located preferentially on the calves, which may ulcerate and drain.
Noninfectious myelitis; Myelitis, or inflammation of the spinal cord.
Noninfective encephalitis; inflammation of the active tissues of the brain caused by an infection or an autoimmune response.
Noninfective encephalomyelitis; widespread attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord that damages myelin – the protective covering of nerve fibers.
Noninfective oophoritis; uncommon diagnosis, earmarked by cysts, inflammation, and enlargement in one or both ovaries. In some cases, it also causes damage to the fallopian tubes.
Obstetrical pulmonary embolism; When a clot breaks free and travels to the lungs.
Occupational exposure to communicable disease;
Occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2; BOTH SELF EXPLANATORY
Ocular hyperaemia; is caused by a pathological vasodilatory response of the microvasculature in response to inflammation due to a myriad of infectious and non-infectious etiologies.
Ocular myasthenia; a form of myasthenia in which the extraocular muscles, the muscles that control the eyes and eyelids, are easily fatigued and weakened.
Ocular pemphigoid; refers to mucous membrane pemphigoid that clinically presents as a chronic cicatrizing (scarring) conjunctivitis. Involvement of other mucosal sites and nonmucosal skin may also occur in OCP.
.
Ocular sarcoidosis; Ocular sarcoidosis can involve any part of the eye and its adnexal tissues, and may cause uveitis, episcleritis/scleritis, eyelid abnormalities, conjunctival granuloma, optic neuropathy, lacrimal gland enlargement and orbital inflammation.
Ocular vasculitis; is characterized by inflammation of the vessels of the retina. Retinal vasculitis can occur in association with an underlying infectious or systemic disease, as part of an ocular disease, or it can be idiopathic.
Oculofacial paralysis; Moebius syndrome is a rare birth defect caused by the absence or underdevelopment of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves, which control eye movements and facial expression.
Oedema; Swelling in the ankles, feet and legs is often caused by a build-up of fluid in these areas, called oedema.
Oedema blister;
Oedema due to hepatic disease;
Oedema mouth;
Oesophageal achalasia; Achalasia occurs when nerves in the esophagus become damaged. As a result, the esophagus becomes paralyzed and dilated over time and eventually loses the ability to squeeze food down into the stomach.
Ophthalmic artery thrombosis; Retinal vein occlusion happens when a blood clot blocks the vein. Sometimes it happens because the veins of the eye are too narrow.
Ophthalmic herpes simplex; an infection of the cornea—the clear dome that covers the colored part of the eye—that is caused by HSV.
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Ophthalmic herpes zoster; Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is caused by the varicella virus which causes chickenpox. The virus stays dormant in the body and can later reactivate and cause herpes zoster, otherwise known as shingles. Sometimes shingles affects the eye, and can cause keratitis as a complication.
Ophthalmic vein thrombosis; a rare vision- and life-threatening complication with many underlying etiologies such as infectious and inflammatory orbital disease, trauma, neoplasm, and a hypercoagulable state.
Optic neuritis; occurs when swelling (inflammation) damages the optic nerve — a bundle of nerve fibers that transmits visual information from your eye to your brain.
Optic neuropathy; occurs when the optic nerve – a group of nerve fibres that transfer visual information from the eye to the brain – becomes damaged in some way. This might occur due to blocked blood flow, inflammation (swelling), abnormalities caused by various conditions, or trauma.
Optic perineuritis; is a rare inflammatory disorder in which the inflammation is confined to optic nerve sheath. It can be idiopathic or secondary to underlying systemic autoimmune disorder.
Oral herpes; an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. The virus causes painful sores on your lips, gums, tongue, roof of your mouth, and inside your cheeks.
Oral lichen planus; an ongoing (chronic) inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus may appear as white, lacy patches; red, swollen tissues; or open sores.
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Oropharyngeal oedema; Abnormal accumulation of fluid leading to swelling of the pharynx.
Oropharyngeal spasm; describe feeling as though a large object is stuck in their throat. This can be accompanied by choking or tightening sensations.
Oropharyngeal swelling; Infections of the tissues of and around the mouth itself can result in swelling.
Osmotic demyelination syndrome; leads to brain cell dysfunction. It is caused by the destruction of the layer (myelin sheath) covering nerve cells in the middle of the brainstem (pons).
Ovarian vein thrombosis; a rare condition with potential life-threatening complications. In female patients presenting with lower quadrant pain, with or without fever or palpable abdominal or pelvic mass, OVT should be considered in the differential diagnosis after ruling out other common conditions.
Overlap syndrome; are inflammatory rheumatic conditions in which patients have clinical manifestations suggestive of multiple distinct immune diseases. The diseases most commonly involved in overlap syndromes include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, and myositis.
Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection; PANDAS is short for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections.
Paget-Schroetter syndrome; also known as venous thoracic outlet syndrome, is a form of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis, a medical condition in which blood clots form in the deep veins of the arms.
Palindromic rheumatism; Palindromic rheumatism is a form of inflammatory arthritis. It causes attacks or flare-ups of joint pain and inflammation that come and go. The joints look and feel normal between attacks, and the attacks don't cause any lasting damage to the joints.
Palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis; an inflammatory cutaneous disorder of unknown etiology that usually manifests as skin-colored to erythematous papules or plaques on the extremities.
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Palmoplantar keratoderma; a heterogeneous group of inherited or acquired disorders characterized by excessive epidermal thickening of the palms and soles.
Palpable purpura; refers to elevated, firm, hemorrhagic papules or plaques up to several centimeters in diameter, most commonly located on dependent surfaces, such as the lower legs, buttocks, or the back in a recumbent patient.
Pancreatitis; occurs when digestive enzymes become activated while still in the pancreas, irritating the cells of your pancreas and causing inflammation.
Panencephalitis; a very rare, but fatal disease of the central nervous system that results from a measles virus infection acquired earlier in life.
Papillophlebitis; a rare condition that may present clinically like an incomplete central retinal vein occlusion.
Paracancerous pneumonia; Incidence of lung cancer associated with pneumonia.
Paradoxical embolism; occurs when a thrombus crosses an intracardiac defect into the systemic circulation.
Parainfluenzae viral laryngotracheobronchitis; Human parainfluenza viruses commonly cause respiratory illnesses in infants and young children. But anyone can get HPIV illness. Symptoms may include fever, runny nose, and cough. Patients usually recover on their own. However, HPIVs can also cause more severe illness, such as croup or pneumonia.
*****Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare disorders that are triggered by an abnormal immune system response to a cancerous tumor known as a "neoplasm." Paraneoplastic syndromes are thought to happen when cancer-fighting antibodies or white blood cells (known as T cells) mistakenly attack normal cells in the nervous system.****
Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis; Dermatomyositis (DM) is an uncommon idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that can manifest as a paraneoplastic syndrome of an underlying malignancy.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus; a disease that causes blistering of the skin and the inside of the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals. Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks cells in the top layer of the skin (epidermis) and the mucous membranes.
Paraneoplastic thrombosis;
Paresis cranial nerve; A cranial nerve palsy.
Parietal cell antibody positive; The parietal cells make and release a substance that the body needs to absorb vitamin B12. Antiparietal cell antibodies is a test that measures the presence of antibodies against gastric parietal cells.
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria; a rare, acquired, life-threatening disease of the blood. The disease is characterized by destruction of red blood cells, blood clots, and impaired bone marrow function.
Partial seizures; A partial (focal) seizure happens when unusual electrical activity affects a small area of the brain.
Partial seizures with secondary generalisation; are focal seizures that spread to both sides of the brain causing a grand mal convulsion.
Patient isolation; 1. Source Isolation aims to confine the infectious agent and prevent its spread from one patient to another. (Source isolation was previously known as ‘barrier nursing’).
2. Protective Isolation aims to protect an immunocompromised patient who is at high risk of acquiring micro-organisms from either the environment or from other patients, staff or visitors.
Pelvic venous thrombosis; occurs when a blood clot occurs that obstructs the blood flow in one of your pelvic veins.
Pemphigoid; a rare skin condition that mainly affects older people. It usually starts with an itchy, raised rash. As the condition develops, large blisters can form on the skin
Pemphigus; autoimmune disease that causes blistering of the skin and the inside of the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals.
Penile vein thrombosis; vein thrombosis of the penis.
Pericarditis; swelling and irritation of the thin, saclike tissue surrounding the heart (pericardium).
Pericarditis lupus; Pericarditis is the most common heart problem associated with active lupus.
Perihepatic discomfort; Perihepatitis is often caused by one of the inflammatory disorders of the female upper genital tract, known collectively as pelvic inflammatory disease.
Periorbital oedema; a term for swelling around the eyes.
Periorbital swelling; SEE ABOVE
Peripheral artery thrombosis; Peripheral arteries may be acutely occluded by a thrombus, an embolus, aortic dissection, or acute compartment syndrome.
Peripheral embolism; SEE ABOVE
Peripheral ischaemia; Ischemia is characterized by impaired blood supply to the tissues.
Peripheral vein thrombus extension;
Periportal oedema; The periportal region is a potential space surrounding the portal vein and its intrahepatic branches. (SWELLING).
Peritoneal fluid protein abnormal; Abnormal results may mean:
Bile-stained fluid may mean you have a gallbladder or liver problem.
Bloody fluid may be a sign of tumor or injury.
High white blood cell counts may be a sign of peritonitis.
Milk-colored peritoneal fluid may be a sign of carcinoma, cirrhosis of the liver, lymphoma, tuberculosis, or infection.
Peritoneal fluid protein decreased;
Peritoneal fluid protein increased; AS ABOVE
Peritonitis lupus; Peritonitis is a rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Pernicious anaemia; an autoimmune condition that affects your stomach.
Petit mal epilepsy; A type of seizure that involves brief, sudden lapses in attention.
Pharyngeal oedema; Abnormal accumulation of fluid leading to swelling of the pharynx.
Pharyngeal swelling; SEE ABOVE
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta; an uncommon cutaneous inflammatory disorder that most frequently affects young adults and children
.
Placenta praevia; When the placenta covers the opening in the mother's cervix.
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis; a rare pulmonary fibrosis that is clinically characterized by upper-lobe predominant fibrosis.
Pneumobilia; also known as aerobilia, refers to the presence of air within the biliary system (i.e., bile ducts, gallbladder, and liver).
Pneumonia; an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
Pneumonia adenoviral; Adenovirus pneumonia.
Pneumonia cytomegaloviral; is a viral infection of the lungs that can occur in people who have a suppressed immune system.
Pneumonia herpes viral;
Pneumonia influenzal;
Pneumonia measles;
Pneumonia mycoplasmal;
Pneumonia necrotising;
Pneumonia parainfluenzae viral;
Pneumonia respiratory syncytial viral;
Pneumonia viral;
POEMS syndrome; a rare blood disorder that damages the nerves and affects other parts of the body.
Polyarteritis nodosa; a rare multi-system disorder characterized by widespread inflammation, weakening, and damage to small and medium-sized arteries.
Polyarthritis; a term used when at least five joints are affected with arthritis.
Polychondritis; a rare disease in which cartilage in many areas of the body becomes inflamed.
Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type I; rare and complex recessively inherited disorders of immune-cell dysfunction with multiple autoimmunities.
Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II;
Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type III;
Polyglandular disorder; deficiencies in the function of several endocrine glands, which may occur simultaneously or sequentially.
Polymicrogyria; a condition characterized by abnormal development of the brain before birth.
Polymyalgia rheumatica; an inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips.
Polymyositis; one of a group of muscle diseases known as the inflammatory myopathies, which are characterized by chronic muscle inflammation accompanied by muscle weakness.
Polyneuropathy; the simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body.
Polyneuropathy idiopathic progressive; an illness where sensory and motor nerves of the peripheral nervous system are affected and no obvious underlying etiology is found.
Portal pyaemia; a condition involving collection of pus in the portal venous system due to inflammation.
Portal vein embolism; Portal vein thrombosis is blockage or narrowing of the portal vein (the blood vessel that brings blood to the liver from the intestines) by a blood clot.
Portal vein flow decreased;
Portal vein pressure increased;
Portal vein thrombosis; ALL SEE ABOVE
Portosplenomesenteric venous thrombosis; Mesenteric venous thrombosis is caused by impairment of venous return of the bowel due to local blood coagulation.
Post procedural hypotension; refers to hypotension occurring on the remaining day of surgery (after the emergence from anesthesia) and during the first days after surgery.
Post procedural pneumonia; SELF EXPLANITORY AS ABOVE
Post procedural pulmonary embolism; SELF EXPLANITORY AS ABOVE
Post stroke epilepsy; Some stroke survivors can experience seizures. These are most likely to happen within the first few days following a stroke, but your first seizure could occur two or more years later.
Post stroke seizure; AS ABOVE
Post thrombotic retinopathy; Retinopathy means disease of the retina. (AND SEE BELOW)
Post thrombotic syndrome; Post-thrombotic syndrome is a condition that can happen to people who have had a deep vein thrombosis of the leg.
Post viral fatigue syndrome; SAME AS CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, ALREADY LISTED
Postictal headache; SEE BELOW
Postictal paralysis;
Postictal psychosis;
Postictal state; The postictal state is a period that begins when a seizure subsides and ends when the patient returns to baseline. It typically lasts between 5 and 30 minutes and is characterized by disorienting symptoms such as confusion, drowsiness, hypertension, headache, nausea, etc.
**The post-operative phase involves care and monitoring of the patient by a nurse.**
Postoperative respiratory distress;
Postoperative respiratory failure;
Postoperative thrombosis;
**The postpartum period begins within 6 weeks after childbirth as the mother's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state**
Postpartum thrombosis;
Postpartum venous thrombosis;
Postpericardiotomy syndrome; a febrile illness secondary to an inflammatory reaction involving the pleura and pericardium.
Post-traumatic epilepsy; recurrent and unprovoked post-traumatic seizures that occur at least 1 week after traumatic brain injury.
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; (POTS) is a condition that causes a number of symptoms when you transition from lying down to standing up, such as a fast heart rate, dizziness and fatigue.
Precerebral artery thrombosis; Concurrent cerebral and axillary artery occlusion.
Pre-eclampsia; high blood pressure (hypertension) disorder that can occur during pregnancy.
Preictal state; represents a period of increased seizure probability, and seizures could occur at any time during the warning period.
Premature labour; occurs when regular contractions result in the opening of your cervix after week 20 and before week 37 of pregnancy.
Premature menopause; a woman's ovaries have spontaneously stopped working before she has reached the age of 40 years.
Primary amyloidosis; a rare disorder in which abnormal proteins build up in tissues and organs.
Primary biliary cholangitis; An autoimmune disease that causes progressive destruction of the bile ducts.
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis; characterized by worsening neurologic function (accumulation of disability) from the onset of symptoms, without early relapses or remissions.
Procedural shock; a clinical state that occurs when a mismatch arises between oxygen supply and metabolic demand, resulting in cellular hypoxia.
***Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum***
Proctitis herpes;
Proctitis ulcerative;
Product availability issue; SELF EXPLANATORY
Product distribution issue;
Product supply issue;
***Progressive disease or progressive illness is a disease or physical ailment whose course in most cases is the worsening, growth, or spread of the disease.***
Progressive facial hemiatrophy; a craniofacial disorder characterized by progressive shrinking and deformation of one side of the face with atrophy of the subcutaneous connective and fatty tissues
.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy;
Progressive multiple sclerosis;
Progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis;
Prosthetic cardiac valve thrombosis; a rare, but serious complication of a heart valve replacement procedure.
Pruritus; An uncomfortable, irritating sensation that creates an urge to scratch that can involve any part of the body.
Pruritus allergic;
Pseudovasculitis; collection of disorders that are capable of simulating cutaneous vasculitis and can be broadly classified into diseases that produce hemorrhage (petechiae, purpura, and ecchymoses) or vessel occlusion with resultant livedo, cyanosis, ulcers, digital necrosis, and/or gangrene.
Psoriasis; a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp
.
Psoriatic arthropathy; a chronic, autoimmune form of arthritis that causes joint inflammation and occurs with the skin condition psoriasis
.
***Pulmonary System includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide***
Pulmonary amyloidosis;
Pulmonary artery thrombosis;
Pulmonary embolism;
Pulmonary fibrosis;
Pulmonary haemorrhage;
Pulmonary microemboli;
Pulmonary oil microembolism;
Pulmonary renal syndrome;
Pulmonary sarcoidosis;
Pulmonary sepsis;
Pulmonary thrombosis;
Pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy;
Pulmonary vasculitis;
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease;
Pulmonary venous thrombosis;
Pyoderma gangrenosum; a rare condition that causes large, painful sores (ulcers) to develop on your skin, most often on your legs
.
Pyostomatitis vegetans; a very rare oral disorder characterized by pustules that affect oral mucosa.
Pyrexia; an increase in the body temperature of an individual beyond the normal range.
Quarantine; restriction on the movement of people, animals and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests.
Radiation leukopenia; high dose radiation and chemotherapy can result in widespread changes in blood counts, with the most severe effects related to leukopenia.
Radiculitis brachial; a peripheral nervous system disorder which classically presents as an episode of extreme pain at onset, followed by muscle weakness, atrophy, and sensory abnormalities.
Radiologically isolated syndrome; Radiologically isolated syndrome refers to an entity in which white matter lesions fulfilling the criteria for multiple sclerosis occur in individuals without a history of a clinical demyelinating attack or alternative etiology.
Rash; any area of irritated or swollen skin on your body.
Rash erythematous; signs of hypersensitivity to inciting agents, both endogenous and exogenous.
Rash pruritic; Pruritus is the medical term for itchy skin. Normally, itchy skin isn't serious, but it can make you uncomfortable.
Rasmussen encephalitis; a very rare, chronic inflammatory neurological disease that usually affects only one hemisphere of the brain.
Raynaud's phenomenon; a process in which the fingers (and less commonly, the toes) turn different colors (white, blue, and red) in response to certain triggers such as cold or stress. Raynaud's phenomenon may be a sign of an underlying autoimmune disorder such as scleroderma or lupus.
Reactive capillary endothelial proliferation; is the most common adverse event related to camrelizumab. Camrelizumab is an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor that is being investigated for hepatocellular carcinoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.
Relapsing multiple sclerosis; Relapsing-remitting MS is defined by inflammatory attacks on myelin (the layers of insulating membranes surrounding nerve fibers in the central nervous system).
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis;
***The term "renal" refers to the kidney***
Renal amyloidosis;
Renal arteritis;
Renal artery thrombosis;
Renal embolism;
Renal failure;
Renal vascular thrombosis;
Renal vasculitis;
Renal vein embolism;
Renal vein thrombosis;
***The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels***
Respiratory arrest;
Respiratory disorder;
Respiratory distress;
Respiratory failure;
Respiratory paralysis;
Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis;
Respiratory syncytial virus bronchitis;
***The retina converts light that enters into the eye into electrical signals that the optic nerve sends to your brain which creates the images that are seen***
Retinal artery embolism;
Retinal artery occlusion;
Retinal artery thrombosis;
Retinal vascular thrombosis;
Retinal vasculitis;
Retinal vein occlusion;
Retinal vein thrombosis;
Retinol binding protein decreased; retinol-binding protein levels decrease during inflammatory states.
Retinopathy; Retinopathy means disease of the retina. There are several types of retinopathy but all involve disease of the small retinal blood vessels.
Retrograde portal vein flow; The portal vein should have constant forward flow into the liver (hepatopetal). If there is flow reversal, this is hepatofugal and represents portal hypertension.
Retroperitoneal fibrosis; a rare condition characterized by the presence of inflammatory and fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneum (space located behind the abdominal or peritoneal cavity).
Reversible airways obstruction; Obstruction of the airway in asthma is generally considered reversible, meaning that the obstruction of the lung can generally be resolved with treatment and in some cases can resolve spontaneously.
Reynold's syndrome; a rare autoimmune disease, consisting of the combination of primary biliary cirrhosis and progressive systemic sclerosis.
Rheumatic brain disease; Rheumatic fever (acute rheumatic fever) is a disease that can affect the heart, joints, brain, and skin.
Rheumatic disorder; an umbrella term that refers to arthritis and several other conditions that affect the joints, tendons, muscle, ligaments, bones, and muscles.
***Rheumatoid is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease, which means that your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake, causing inflammation in the affected parts of the body***
Rheumatoid arthritis;
Rheumatoid factor increased;
Rheumatoid factor positive;
Rheumatoid factor quantitative increased;
Rheumatoid lung;
Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis;
Rheumatoid nodule;
Rheumatoid nodule removal;
Rheumatoid scleritis;
Rheumatoid vasculitis;
Saccadic eye movement;A saccade is a quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes between two or more phases of fixation in the same direction. In contrast, in smooth pursuit movements, the eyes move smoothly instead of in jumps.
SAPHO syndrome; Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of bone, joint, and skin characterized by synovitis, osteitis, hyperostosis, and enthesitis, typically with pain, swelling, and tenderness in affected areas.
Sarcoidosis; a disease characterized by the growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in any part of your body.
SARS-CoV-1 test;
SARS-CoV-1 test negative;
SARS-CoV-1 test positive;
SARS-CoV-2 antibody test;
SARS-CoV-2 antibody test negative;
SARS-CoV-2 antibody test positive;
SARS-CoV-2 carrier;
SARS-CoV-2 sepsis;
SARS-CoV-2 test;
SARSCoV-2 test false negative;
SARS-CoV-2 test false positive;
SARS-CoV-2 test negative;
SARSCoV-2 test positive;
SARS-CoV-2 viraemia;
Satoyoshi syndrome; a multisystemic rare disease of unknown etiology, although an autoimmune basis is presumed.
Schizencephaly; an extremely rare developmental birth defect characterized by abnormal slits, or clefts, in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain.
Scleritis; inflammation in the episcleral and scleral tissues with injection in both superficial and deep episcleral vessels.
Sclerodactylia; a form of scleroderma which affects the fingers or the toes.
Scleroderma; Scleroderma also known as systemic sclerosis, is a group of rare diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin.
Scleroderma associated digital ulcer;
Scleroderma renal crisis; a life-threatening complication of scleroderma. It typically presents with the abrupt onset of severe hypertension accompanied by rapidly progressive renal failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, congestive heart failure, and/or microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.
Scleroderma-like reaction; a condition in which administration of a drug induces skin sclerotic lesions.
***A secondary immune deficiency disease occurs when the immune system is compromised due to an environmental factor***
Secondary amyloidosis; a disorder characterized by the extracellular tissue deposition of fibrils composed of fragments of serum amyloid A protein (SAA), an acute phase reactant.
Secondary cerebellar degeneration;
Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis;
Segmented hyalinising vasculitis; a blood vessel disorder that causes painful ulcers and scarring on the feet and lower legs.
Seizure; a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.
Seizure anoxic; nonepileptic events consequent upon abrupt interruption of the energy supply to metabolically active cerebral neurones.
Seizure cluster; periods of increased seizure activity, which is having two or more seizures in a 24-hour period.
Seizure like phenomena; The term SLP is used to describe the generalized myoclonus associated with propofol because simultaneous EEG recordings of cortical epileptic activity have not been documented
Seizure prophylaxis; prophylaxis with anti-epileptic drugs is a common practice in neurosciences intensive care unit.
Sensation of foreign body;
Septic embolus; an obstruction of a blood vessel, typically by an infected thrombus that has traveled through the bloodstream from a distant infectious source and blocked a blood vessel.
Septic pulmonary embolism; an uncommon disease in which septic thrombi are mobilised from an infectious nidus and transported in the vascular system of the lungs.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS A contagious and sometimes fatal respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus.
Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy; or Dravet syndrome is a drug-resistant epilepsy that occurs in the first year of life of previously healthy children.
Shock; a critical condition brought on by the sudden drop in blood flow through the body.
Shock symptom; Cool, clammy skin. Pale or ashen skin. Bluish tinge to lips or fingernails (or gray in the case of dark complexions) Rapid pulse.
Shrinking lung syndrome; a rare pulmonary complication of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Shunt thrombosis; The shunt thrombosis is the most frequent complication of dialysis shunts in haemodialysis patients.
Silent thyroiditis; an immune reaction of the thyroid gland.
Simple partial seizures; When there is no impairment in consciousness, it is called a simple partial seizure.
Sjogren's syndrome; An immune system disorder characterised by dry eyes and dry mouth.
With this disorder, the body's immune system attacks its own healthy cells that produce saliva and tears.
Skin swelling; Angioedema is an excessive collection of body fluids in the skin, which causes swelling.
SLE arthritis; An inflammatory disease caused when the immune system attacks its own tissues.
Lupus (SLE) can affect the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs.
Smooth muscle antibody positive; If results show a high amount of SMA antibodies, it probably means a form of autoimmune hepatitis.
Sneezing; SELF EXPLANATORY
***The two posterior spinal arteries originate directly from the vertebral arteries***
Spinal artery embolism;
Spinal artery thrombosis;
***The splenic artery courses superior and anterior to the splenic vein, along the superior edge of the pancreas***
Splenic artery thrombosis;
Splenic embolism;
Splenic thrombosis;
Splenic vein thrombosis;
Spondylitis; an inflammatory disease that, over time, can cause some of the bones in the spine (vertebrae) to fuse.
Spondyloarthropathy; is the name for a family of inflammatory rheumatic diseases that cause arthritis.
Spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome; Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by antibodies that bind to complexes of heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4), activating the platelets and promoting a prothrombotic state.
Status epilepticus; A seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes, or having more than 1 seizure within a 5 minutes period, without returning to a normal level of consciousness between episodes.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome; a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes.
Stiff leg syndrome; a rare neurological disorder with features of an autoimmune disease.
Stiff person syndrome; AS ABOVE
Stillbirth;
Still's disease; an inflammatory disorder characterized by quotidian (daily) fevers, arthritis, and an evanescent rash.
***The stoma, ileostomy traditionally on the right and colostomy on the left, is placed in the center of this triangle, through the rectus muscle slightly below the umbilicus.***
Stoma site thrombosis;
Stoma site vasculitis;
Stress cardiomyopathy; a condition caused by intense emotional or physical stress leading to rapid and severe reversible cardiac dysfunction.
Stridor; noisy breathing that occurs due to obstructed air flow through a narrowed airway.
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus; is one type of cutaneous lupus. Cutaneous is a term for skin.
Subacute endocarditis; Endocarditis begins when germs enter the bloodstream and then travel to the heart. Bacterial infection is the most common cause of endocarditis.
Subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; a subacute progressive symmetric sensorial and/or motor disorder characterized by muscular weakness with impaired sensation, absent or diminished tendon reflexes and elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins.
***Subclavian arteries are responsible for getting blood to the upper body: head, neck and arms. There are two subclavian arteries — one on the left side of the chest and one on the right side of the chest.***
Subclavian artery embolism;
Subclavian artery thrombosis;
Subclavian vein thrombosis;
Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy; refers to deaths in people with epilepsy that are not from injury, drowning, or other known causes.
Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis; The superior sagittal sinus drains the bilateral cerebral hemispheres and serves as the common midline venous structure that receives blood from multiple draining vessels within the cortical hemispheres themselves.
Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is an uncommon cause of stroke.
Susac's syndrome; an autoimmune endotheliopathy, a disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the inside lining (endothelium) of the walls of the very tiny blood vessels that supply blood to the brain, retina, and inner ear.
Suspected COVID19;
Swelling;
Swelling face;
Swelling of eyelid;
Swollen tongue;
Sympathetic ophthalmia; a rare, bilateral, granulomatous uveitis caused by exposure of previously immune-privileged ocular antigens from trauma or surgery with a subsequent bilateral autoimmune response to this tissue.
***Systemic means affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part***
Systemic lupus erythematosus;
Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index abnormal;
Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index decreased;
Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index increased;
Systemic lupus erythematosus rash;
Systemic scleroderma;
Systemic sclerosis pulmonary;
Tachycardia; the medical term for a heart rate over 100 beats a minute.
Tachypnoea; a term used to define rapid and shallow breathing.
Takayasu's arteritis; a rare form of vasculitis disease involving inflammation in the walls of the largest arteries in the body: the aorta and its main branches.
Temporal lobe epilepsy; are sometimes called focal seizures with impaired awareness (already covered).
Terminal ileitis; inflammation of the end of the ileum, which is part of the small intestine. (SEE ALSO CROHN’S)
Testicular autoimmunity; a condition of testicular pain involving swelling, inflammation and possibly infection.
Throat tightness; self explanitory.
Thromboangiitis obliterans; (Buerger disease) is caused by small blood vessels that become inflamed and swollen.
Thrombocytopenia; a condition in which there is a low blood platelet count.
Thrombocytopenic purpura; a blood disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood
Thrombophlebitis; an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in the legs.
Thrombophlebitis migrans; a blood clot and related inflammation affect one vein (or a group of veins) and then migrate onto any other vein(s).
Thrombophlebitis neonatal; As above at birth
Thrombophlebitis septic; As above with septic infection.
Thrombophlebitis superficial; an inflammation of a vein just below the surface of the skin.
Thromboplastin antibody positive; positive testing for Thromboplastin antibody, a condition in which the immune system mistakenly creates antibodies that attack tissues in the body.
Thrombosis; occurs when blood clots block veins or arteries.
Thrombosis corpora cavernosa; Clots in the corpora cavernosa, One of two columns of spongy tissue that runs through the shaft of the penis.
Thrombosis in device; Medical device with clot
Thrombosis mesenteric vessel; CLOT in the vein to; The mesentery is an organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall.
Thrombotic cerebral infarction; Thrombotic strokes are strokes caused by a thrombus (blood clot) that develops in the arteries supplying blood to the brain.
Thrombotic microangiopathy; a pathology that results in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles, due to an endothelial injury.
Thrombotic stroke; caused by a thrombus (blood clot) that develops in the arteries supplying blood to the brain.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; blood clots form in small blood vessels throughout your body. The clots can limit or block the flow of blood to your organs, such as your brain, kidneys, and heart.
Thyroid disorder; a general term for a medical condition that keeps your thyroid from making the right amount of hormones.
Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin increased; High levels of TSI in the blood can indicate the presence of Graves' disease.
Thyroiditis; swelling (inflammation) of the thyroid gland.
Tongue amyloidosis; a rare metabolic disorder caused by the extracellular deposition of fibrillar proteins
.
Tongue biting; Self explanatory
Tongue oedema; Swollen tongue.
Tonic clonic movements; tonic (stiffening) and clonic (twitching or jerking) phases of muscle activity.
Tonic convulsion; causes a sudden stiffness or tension in the muscles of the arms, legs or trunk.
Tonic posturing; characterized by sustained tonic flexion or extension of the limbs.
Topectomy; The excision of parts of the frontal cortex of the brain, typically for the relief of epilepsy.
Total bile acids increased; Increased bile acid values can be observed with portosystemic shunts, liver failure (especially in chronic or vascular disease), and cholestasis.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis; a life-threatening skin disorder characterized by a blistering and peeling of the skin
.
Toxic leukoencephalopathy; a rare condition that is characterized by progressive damage to white matter in the brain, particularly myelin, due to causes such as exposure to substance use, environmental toxins, or chemotherapeutic drugs.
Toxic oil syndrome; In 1981, in Spain, the ingestion of an oil fraudulently sold as olive oil caused an outbreak of a previously unrecorded condition, later known as toxic oil syndrome, clinically characterized by intense incapacitating myalgias, marked peripheral eosinophilia, and pulmonary infiltrates. (***???WTF??***)
Tracheal obstruction; The airway can become narrowed or blocked due to many causes, including: Allergic reactions in which the trachea or throat swell closed, including allergic reactions to a bee sting, peanuts and tree nuts, antibiotics (such as penicillin), and blood pressure medicines (such as ACE inhibitors).
Tracheal oedema; extensive edema of the mucosa and submucosa in the dorsal membrane of the lower trachea.
Tracheobronchitis; inflammation of the trachea and bronchi.
Tracheobronchitis mycoplasmal; Mycoplasma pneumoniae are bacteria that can cause illness by damaging the lining of the respiratory system (throat, lungs, windpipe).
Tracheobronchitis viral; Tracheobronchitis occurs when the windpipe or bronchi become inflamed.
Transaminases abnormal; Transaminitis is not a disease, but it can point to other issues that require treatment. (LIVER FUNCTION)
Transaminases increased; AS ABOVE
Transfusion-related alloimmune neutropenia; a condition that arises after transfusion of blood, alloimmune neutropenia is listed earlier in document.
Transient epileptic amnesia; a rare but probably underdiagnosed neurological condition which manifests as relatively brief and generally recurring episodes of amnesia caused by underlying temporal lobe epilepsy.
Transverse sinus thrombosis; occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain's venous sinuses. The clot keeps blood from draining out of the brain.
Trigeminal nerve paresis; also called tic douloureux, the trigeminal nerve's function is disrupted. Usually, the problem is contact between a normal blood vessel — in this case, an artery or a vein — and the trigeminal nerve at the base of your brain.
Trigeminal neuralgia; a condition that causes painful sensations similar to an electric shock on one side of the face.
Trigeminal palsy; The trigeminal nerve carries sensation from the face to the brain.
Truncus coeliacus thrombosis; Thrombosis of the celiac artery trunk.
Tuberous sclerosis complex; a rare, multi-system genetic disease that causes non-cancerous (benign) tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome; describes a rare form of bilateral anterior uveitis found in patients with acute kidney inflammation.
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis; a rare type that causes a tumor-like growth in the brain.
Tumour embolism; refers to tumor emboli of sufficient size or number to result in clinical and radiologic manifestations that resemble pulmonary embolism.
Tumour thrombosis; AS ABOVE
Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system is activated to destroy the cells in the pancreas which produce insulin.
Type I hypersensitivity; include atopic diseases, which are an exaggerated IgE mediated immune responses (i.e., allergic: asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and dermatitis), and allergic diseases, which are immune responses to foreign allergens (i.e., anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, food, and drug allergies).
Type III immune complex mediated reaction; an abnormal immune response is mediated by the formation of antigen-antibody aggregates called “immune complexes”.
Uhthoff's phenomenon; is the worsening of neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases when the body is overheated.
Ulcerative keratitis; a group of inflammatory diseases whose final common pathway is peripheral corneal thinning.
Ultrasound liver abnormal; SELF EXPLANATORY
Umbilical cord thrombosis; Umbilical artery thrombosis is a rare complication of pregnancy.
Uncinate fits; a form of temporal lobe epilepsy in which hallucinations of taste and smell and inappropriate chewing movements are prominent features.
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease; a systemic autoimmune disease.
Upper airway obstruction; occlusion or narrowing of the airways leading to compromise in ventilation.
Urine bilirubin increased; it may be a sign of: A liver disease, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis. A blockage in your bile ducts, the small tubes that carry bile out of your liver.
Urobilinogen urine decreased; If test results show too little or no urobilinogen in urine, it may be a sign of: A blockage in the ducts that carry bile from liver or gallbladder to intestines. A blockage in the blood flow through the liver. A problem with liver function.
Urobilinogen urine increased; High levels of urobilinogen in urine may be a sign that: The liver is making too much bilirubin because the body breaks down red blood cells faster than it can make them. This condition is called hemolytic anemia. Theliver can't recycle urobilinogen into bile because of liver disease.
Urticaria; also known as hives, weals, welts or nettle rash – is a raised, itchy rash that appears on the skin.
Urticaria papular; Papular urticaria is generally regarded to be the result of a hypersensitivity or id reaction to bites from insects, such as mosquitoes, gnats, fleas, mites, bedbugs, caterpillars, and moths. Varicella vaccines have also been implicated.
Urticarial vasculitis; a variant of cutaneous small vessel vasculitis.
Uterine rupture; a complete division of all three layers of the uterus.
Uveitis; a form of eye inflammation
.
Vaccination site thrombosis; SELF EXPLANATORY
Vaccination site vasculitis; As above
Vagus nerve paralysis; paralysis of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx.
Varicella; Chickenpox.
Varicella keratitis; When VZV affects the eye.
Varicella post vaccine;
Varicella zoster gastritis; a very rare cause of gastritis.
Varicella zoster oesophagitis; In rare cases, VZV infections can result in life-threatening complications including hepatitis, pneumonitis, and encephalitis.
Varicella zoster pneumonia;
Varicella zoster sepsis;
Varicella zoster virus infection; Varicella (chickenpox) is an acute infectious disease. It is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV),
Vasa praevia; a very rare condition where blood vessels travelling from your baby to your placenta, unprotected by placental tissue or the umbilical cord, pass near to the cervix.
Vascular graft thrombosis; (Clotting in) Vascular grafting is most commonly done to bypass a complete or partial blockage in an artery in order to improve blood flow to the organ supplied by the diseased artery.
Vascular pseudoaneurysm thrombosis; occurs when a blood vessel wall is injured. Blood leaking from the vessel collects in surrounding tissue. It is sometimes called a false aneurysm.
Vascular purpura; a disorder that causes the small blood vessels in your skin, joints, intestines and kidneys to become inflamed and bleed
.
Vascular stent thrombosis; Thrombosis at medical stent site.
Vasculitic rash; Common vasculitis skin lesions are: red or purple dots (petechiae), usually most numerous on the legs. larger spots, about the size of the end of a finger (purpura), some of which look like large bruises.
Vasculitic ulcer; a collection of inflammatory conditions that affect the integrity of micro vessels in the human body
Vasculitis; An inflammation of the blood vessels that causes changes in the blood vessel walls.
Vasculitis gastrointestinal; Vasculitis can cause local or diffuse pathologic changes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Vasculitis necrotising; the inflammation of blood vessel walls
.
Vena cava embolism; The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava are very large veins that bring deoxygenated blood to your heart to get oxygen
Vena cava thrombosis; AS ABOVE
Venous intravasation; Venous intravasation refers to the transit of contrast from the uterine cavity, through the myometrium, and into draining pelvic veins.
Venous recanalisation; involves delivering drugs to the area to break up the blood clots, preserving the vein valve function.
Venous thrombosis; A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
Venous thrombosis in pregnancy; As above in pregnancy.
Venous thrombosis limb; As above
Venous thrombosis neonatal; As above, in newborn
Vertebral artery thrombosis; results in complete or partial occlusion of the vertebral artery and alteration of blood flow to the posterior cerebral circulation.
Vessel puncture site thrombosis; The radial artery is the preferred site for arterial puncture and cannulation, thrombosis at site.
Visceral venous thrombosis; thrombosis of the visceral veins and includes thrombosis of the splenic, hepatic, portal, mesenteric, renal, and ovarian veins.
VIth nerve paralysis; Sixth nerve palsy occurs when the sixth cranial nerve is damaged or doesn't work right.
VIth nerve paresis; AS ABOVE
Vitiligo; a condition in which the skin loses its pigment cells
.
Vocal cord paralysis; a condition in which you can't control the movement of the muscles that control your voice.
Vocal cord paresis; AS ABOVE
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease; a rare granulomatous inflammatory disease that affects pigmented structures, such as eye, inner ear, meninges, skin and hair
.
Warm type haemolytic anaemia; an autoimmune disorder characterized by the premature destruction of healthy red blood cells (hemolysis).
Wheezing; Inflammation and narrowing of the airway in any location, from your throat out into your lungs, can result in wheezing.
White nipple sign; a term used to describe a fresh fibrin clot on a varix that has bled recently
XIth nerve paralysis; Sixth nerve palsy occurs when the sixth cranial nerve is damaged or doesn't work right.
X-ray hepatobiliary abnormal; any disorder of the hepatobiliary system that impairs its normal function.
Young's syndrome; a condition characterized by male infertility, damaged airways in the lungs (bronchiectasis), and inflammation of the sinuses (sinusitis).
Zika virus associated Guillain Barre syndrome; Zika virus infection has been associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome.